Sociology Now, Census Update

SUBJECT INDEX 715

Social actors, 98
Social change, 480
religion and, 490–491
Social class. SeeClass
Social coherence, 174–178
Social cohesion, religion and, 489–490
Social construction of gender, 292–294
“Social contract” of Locke, 12–13
Social control, 170–174, 176, 202–203
religion and, 490
Social Darwinism, 20
Social distance scale, 255
Social epidemiology, 533
Social experience, networks and, 88–89
Social interaction
construction of reality through, 72–76
in groups. SeeGroup(s)
patterns of, 75–76
structured, 71
Socialism, 210, 427–428
definition of, 9
Social isolation, aging and, 365
Socialization, 138–164
in adolescence, 158–159
in adulthood, 159–160
agents of. SeeAgents of socialization
anticipatory, 149
caring for others and, 161, 165
in childhood, 157–158
definition of, 141
feral children and, 142
Freud’s views on, 147–148
gender, 160–162, 290–292
isolated children and, 143–144
Kohlberg’s theory of, 146–147
maternal instinct and, 143
Mead’s views on, 144–145
nature versus nurture and, 140–141
Piaget’s theory of, 145–146
primary, 150
in primates, 144
problems with stage theories of,
148–150
secondary, 150
self-image and, 157
sexual, 316
in 21st century, 163
Socializing, definition of, 9
Social mobility, 209, 226–229
downward, 227–228
dynamics of, 226–229
education and, 565–566
global, 237–238
structural, 226–227
today, 229
Social movements, 474–475
Social networks. SeeNetworks
Social revolutions, 476
Social sciences, 511
sociology as, 9–10
Social Security, 364
Social stratification, 206–209
definition of, 206

reasons for, 207

systems of, 207–209. See alsoClass

Social structure, 72, 76–80

roles and, 79–80

status and, 77–79

Social studies, definition of, 9

“Social telesis,” 20

Social work, definition of, 9

Society

civil, 480–482

credential, 557–558

definition of, 70–71

science and, 515–516

sexual identity and, 326

usefulness of deviance to, 174–175

Socioeconomic status, 212. See alsoClass

Sociological imagination, 5

Sociology

activities of, 8–12

American thought in, 20–21

classical thought in, 14–20

contemporary, 23–34

definition of, 5

diversity in, 21–23

dynamics of, 6–7

invention of, 13–14

origins of, 12–13

overview, 3–4

of self, 24

as social science, 9–10

in 21st century, 34–35

as way of seeing, 4–8

Sociometry, definition of, 9

Sodomy laws, 319

Solidarity of minority groups, 248

Sony, 601

Soviet Union, former, collapse of, 30

Special interest groups, 471–474

Specialization in industrial economies, 420

Specious correlation, 187

Spirituality. SeeReligion(s)

Stage theories, problems with, 148–150

Standard of living, government and, 475,

484–485

State capitalism, 426

State-centered theories of global inequality,

234

State’s Rights party, 470

Status, 77–79

achieved, 77–78

ascribed, 77, 248

definition of, 211

of “elderly,” 77

marital, 78, 100–101

master, 78–79

in Weber’s theory, 211

of women, determinants of, 287

“Status incongruity,” 151

Stereotypes, 87–88

discrimination as response to, 253

prejudice and, 251–252

Stigma, 170–172

Stigmatized identity, 539

Strain theory of crime, 179, 190–191

Stratification, social. SeeClass; Social strati-

fication

Stratified samples, 119

Strayer University, 580

Street Corner Society(Whyte), 116

Structural functionalism, 24–26, 28

Structural mobility, 226–227

Structural unemployment, 444–445

Structured social interactions, 71

Studies in the Psychology of Sex(Ellis), 327

Subcultures, 43

criminal, 180–181

deviant, 172–174

Subjectivity, 104

Subordinates, 76

Subtle racism, 252

Suburbs, 633–634

Suffrage, 467

universal, 462

Suicide(Durkheim), 16–17

Suicide, Durkheim’s views on, 16–17

Superego, 147, 148

Superordinates, 76

Surveys, 112, 116, 118–122, 126

questions for, 120–122

“reading,” 123

refinement of, 135

Symbol(s), 45

Symbolic interactionism, 24, 28

Syncretic religions, 497

Syphilis, Tuskegee experiments and, 535

The System of Professions: An Essay on the

Division of Expert Labor(Abbott), 211

Taboos, 170

incest, 384

A Tale of Two Cities(Dickens), 3

Tally’s Corner(Liebow), 116

Tarzan of the Apes (Burroughs), 142

Tattoos, 529

Tax burden, 428, 452–453

Telesur, 613

Television, 592–593

Television sets, number of, 155

Temple of Deliverance Church of God and

Christ (Memphis, Tennessee), 505

Terrorism, 477–480

Tertiary deviance, 177

Theory X, 435–436

Theory Y, 436

Third Great Awakening, 501

Third World, 230

Through the Looking-Glass(Carroll), 170

Time Inc., 601–602

Time series studies, 372

Tobacco, 541–542, 543

Tocqueville’s views, 15

Token(s), 446

Tokenism, 257

Total institutions, 24, 92

Totalitarianism, 461

Tracking, 568–569