Gender and Space in Rural Britain, 1840-1920

164 Notes to pages 21–7

37. P. Horn, Labouring Life in the Victorian Countryside (Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1976),
    p. 69.


38. Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, p. 316.


39. Ibid., p. 277.


40. Snell, Annals of the Labouring Poor, p. 392.


41. Ibid., p. 392.


42. Ibid., p. 399.


43. J. Hooker, Writers in a Landscape (Cardiff : University of Wales Press, 1996), p. 28.


44. Snell, Annals of the Labouring Poor, p. 404; Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, p. 278.


45. For a fuller reading of this scene see R. Ebbatson, Literature and Landscape 1830–1914
    (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).


46. M. Millgate (ed.), Th omas Hardy’s Public Voice: Th e Essays, Speeches, and Miscellaneous
    Prose (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001), p. 182.


47. Ibid., p. 183.


48. Ibid., p. 183.


49. Ibid., pp. 183, 184.


50. Cited in Sayer, Women of the Fields, p. 104.


51. F. Th ompson, Lark Rise to Candleford (1945) (London: Oxford University Press, 1979),
    p. 46.


52. Ibid.


53. L. B. Schoenfeld, Dysfunctional Families in the Wessex Novels of Th omas Hardy (New
    York: University Press of America, 2005), p. 201.


54. Marx, Capital, p. 301.

2 Sloan, ‘“Between Two Civilizations”: George Sturt’s

Constructions of Loss and Change in Village Life’

1. G. Sturt, Change in the Village (1912) (London: Duckworth and Co., 1959), p. 147.


2. Ibid., p. 147.


3. Ibid., p. 148.


4. Ibid., pp. 151, 152. Sturt uses the same phrase to describe the predicament of young
   women, too, who have moved from agricultural work to domestic service; see p. 161.


5. G. Sturt, Th e Wheelwright’s Shop (1923) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
   1924), pp. 54–5.


6. Sturt repeatedly admits his own sense of distance from some of the working people he
   fi nds most appealing and most deeply steeped in rural culture. For example, he com-
   ments that he was ‘not man enough’ to do certain tasks in the wheelwright’s shop, and
   that his knowledge and understanding of the craft are incomplete and insubstantial com-
   pared with older workers like Will Hammond, to whom such things are second nature
   (see Sturt, Th e Wheelwright’s Shop, p. 188). Likewise, in his introduction to Th e Bettes-
   worth Book, Sturt indicates his own distance and diff erence from his subject, noting how
   ‘in gossiping about his own life Bettesworth is unawares telling of the similar lives, as
   lived for ages, of a type of Englishmen that may perhaps be hard to meet in times to
   come’ (G. Sturt, Th e Bettesworth Book (1901), 2nd edn (Firle, Sussex: Caliban Books,
   1978), pp. 10–11, my emphasis.) Barry Reay has also observed that Sturt’s claim that
   ‘social distinctions were forgotten’ in his dealings with Bettesworth is in itself evidence