(^168) Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Model and Guidelines, Third Edition
Translation is the primary reason to conduct an evidence-based review. Paying
particular attention to the planning and implementation of recommendations
can improve the potential for successfully meeting the project’s goals. Addition-
ally, fully realized translation requires organizational resources and commitment.
Critically appraising, rating, and grading the evidence and making practice rec-
ommendations requires one set of skills; translation requires another. Change
theory, motivational theory, political and power dynamics, and organizational
processes are activated during translation.
Translation Models
There is still much to learn about evidence translation. What is known is that
translation should be a) based on synthesis of research results tailored to the spe-
cific stakeholders to which the evidence translation is targeted and b) informed
by a baseline assessment of contextual barriers and facilitators encountered
(Grimshaw, Eccles, Lavis, Hill, & Squires, 2012).
The use of a model or framework for translation is important in ensuring a sys-
tematic approach to the change. First and foremost, fully realized translation re-
quires organizational support, human and material resources, and a commitment
of individuals and interprofessional teams. Context, communication, leadership,
mentoring, and evidence matter for the implementation and dissemination of
new knowledge into practice. Planning and active coordination by the EBP team
are critical to successful translation of evidence into practice, as are adherence to
principles of change that guide this process and careful attention to the charac-
teristics of the organization involved (Newhouse, 2007a; White, Dudley-Brown,
and Terhaar, 2016).
We will describe three models that have been used by nurses: Knowledge to Ac-
tion (KTA), Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services
(PARIHS), and the Translation Research Model.
The University of Ottawa’s KTA model uses the word action rather than
practice because it is intended for a wider range of knowledge users and not just