C o nT e nT sAcknowledgments ix
1 Introduction Reuven Dukas & John M. Ratcliffe 1
Pa rT i L e a r n i n g : ULt i m at e a n d P r ox i m at e m e C h a n i s m s
2 Learning: Mechanisms, Ecology, and Evolution Reuven Dukas 7
2.1 Introduction • 2.2 What is learning? • 2.3 Why learn? • 2.4 Who learns? •
2.5 What do animals learn? • 2.6 Is learning important? • 2.7 Prospects
3 The How and Why of Structural Plasticity in the
Adult Honeybee Brain Susan E. Fahrbach & Scott Dobrin 27
3.1 Introduction • 3.2 The honeybee as a model for the study of neural plasticity •
3.3 Mushroom bodies: Neuroanatomy • 3.4 How does foraging experience change
the structure of the honeybee mushroom bodies? • 3.5 What is the function of
the honeybee mushroom bodies? • 3.6 Why are the mushroom bodies larger in
experienced foragers? • 3.7 Studies of experience-dependent plasticity in the
mushroom bodies of other insects • 3.8 Specific future directions
Pa rT i i av i a n Co g n i t i o n : m e m o ry, s o n g , a n d i n n ovat i o n
4 More on the Cognitive Ecology of Song Communication and Song
Learning in the Song Sparrow Michael D. Beecher & John M. Burt 49
4.1 Introduction • 4.2 Background • 4.3 Song learning in the field • 4.4 Communi-
cation by song in male-male interactions • 4.5 Social eavesdropping hypothesis •
4.6 Discussion • 4.7 Summary
5 Consequences of Brain Development for Sexual Signaling
in Songbirds William A. Searcy & Stephen Nowicki 71
5.1 Introduction • 5.2 The song system • 5.3 Female preferences for song attributes •
5.4 Experimental tests of the developmental stress hypothesis • 5.5 Effects of
developmental stress on phenotypic quality • 5.6 Conclusions and prospects