the control and treated tissue will likely show the same degree
of AMPK activation.- Depending on whether the protein of interest is intracellular or
 in the plasma membrane, different centrifugation techniques
 can be used [19].
Acknowledgments
This work was in part supported by the Wright Foundation, the
Dean’s Pilot Project Program, and the Department of Medicine at
the Keck School of Medicine of USC. We thank Dr. Kennneth
R. Hallows, Dr. Alicia McDonough, and Dona Ralph for technical
advice and helpful suggestions.References
- Gerich JE, Meyer C, Woerle HJ, Stumvoll M
 (2001) Renal gluconeogenesis: its importance
 in human glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Care
 24(2):382–391
- Mandel LJ (1986) Primary active sodium
 transport, oxygen consumption, and ATP:
 coupling and regulation. Kidney Int 29
 (1):3–9.https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1986.2
- Hallows KR (2005) Emerging role of
 AMP-activated protein kinase in coupling
 membrane transport to cellular metabolism.
 Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 14
 (5):464–471. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.
 mnh.0000174145.14798.64
- Hardie DG, Scott JW, Pan DA, Hudson ER
 (2003) Management of cellular energy by the
 AMP-activated protein kinase system. FEBS
 Lett 546(1):113–120. https://doi.org/10.
 1016/s0014-5793(03)00560-x
- Bens M, Vandewalle A (2008) Cell models for
 studying renal physiology. Pflugers Arch - Eur J
 Physiol 457(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.
 1007/s00424-008-0507-4
- Gekle M, Wu ̈nsch S, Oberleithner H, Silber-
 nagl S (1994) Characterization of two MDCK-
 cell subtypes as a model system to study princi-
 pal cell and intercalated cell properties. Pflugers
 Arch 428(2):157–162
- Guntupalli J, Onuigbo M, Wall S, Alpern RJ,
 TD DB Jr (1997) Adaptation to low-Kþmedia
 increases H(þ)-K(þ)-ATPase but not H(þ)-
 ATPase-mediated pHi recovery in OMCD1
 cells. Am J Phys 273(2 Pt 1):C558–C571
- Edwards JC, van Adelsberg J, Rater M,
 Herzlinger D, Lebowitz J, al-Awqati Q
 (1992) Conditional immortalization of
bicarbonate-secreting intercalated cells from
rabbit. Am J Phys 263(2 Pt 1):C521–C529- Sun X, Yang LV, Tiegs BC, Arend LJ, McGraw
 DW, Penn RB, Petrovic S (2010) Deletion of
 the pH sensor GPR4 decreases renal acid excre-
 tion. J Am Soc Nephrol 21(10):1745–1755.
 https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2009050477
- Schwartz JH, Li G, Yang Q, Suri V, Ross JJ,
 Alexander EA (2007) Role of SNAREs and H
 -ATPase in the targeting of proton pump-
 coated vesicles to collecting duct cell apical
 membrane. Kidney Int 72(11):1310–1315.
 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002500
- Gong F, Alzamora R, Smolak C, Li H,
 Naveed S, Neumann D, Hallows KR, Pastor-
 Soler NM (2010) Vacuolar Hþ-ATPase apical
 accumulation in kidney intercalated cells is
 regulated by PKA and AMP-activated protein
 kinase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298(5):
 F1162–F1169. https://doi.org/10.1152/
 ajprenal.00645.2009
- Alzamora R, Gong F, Rondanino C, Lee JK,
 Smolak C, Pastor-Soler NM, Hallows KR
 (2010) AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits
 KCNQ1 channels through regulation of the
 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 in renal epithelial
 cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299(6):
 F1308–F1319. https://doi.org/10.1152/
 ajprenal.00423.2010
- Al-Bataineh MM, Li H, Ohmi K, Gong F, Mar-
 ciszyn AL, Naveed S, Zhu X, Neumann D,
 Wu Q, Cheng L, Fenton RA, Pastor-Soler
 NM, Hallows KR (2016) Activation of the
 metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase
 inhibits aquaporin-2 function in kidney princi-
 pal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 311(5):
AMPK Studies using Kidney Slices 463