Front Matter

176 Autism and Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

Pesticide

Trifluralin Reproductive/

Metabolic

Unknown

Vinclozolin Androgen Anti‐androgenic. (Competes

with androgens for the

androgen receptor, inhibits

androgen receptor–DNA

binding, and alters androgen‐

dependent gene expression)

Zineb Thyroid The metabolite

ethylenthiourea inhibits

thyroid hormone synthesis

Ziram Thyroid Inhibits the iodide

peroxidase. Structural

similarities between ziram

and thiram; ziram can be

metabolized to thiram in the

environment

Phthalate

Butyl benzyl phthalate Estrogen Inhibits binding to the

estrogen receptor

Di‐n‐butyl phthalate Estrogen

Androgen

Inhibits binding to the

estrogen receptor

Anti‐androgenic

DEHP Estrogen

Androgen

Inhibits binding to the

estrogen receptor

Anti‐androgenic

Diethyl phthalate Estrogen Aromatase inhibitor

Other Compounds

Benzophenone Estrogen Binds weakly to estrogen

receptors; roles of its

metabolite remain to be

clarified.

BPA Estrogen Estrogenic; binds to estrogen

receptor

Bisphenol F Estrogen Estrogenic; binds to estrogen

receptor

Benzo[a]pyrene Androgen Anti‐androgenic

Compound(s) Hormone Mechanism

Table 7.1 (Continued)