Front Matter

Adverse Effects of EDCs and Their Mechanisms of Action 209

Bioavailable

Bound

Testosterone

(5 mg/d)

5 α-Reductase

(6–8%)

Aromatase

(0.3%)

Testosterone Estradiol

DES

PCBs

DEP

PCBs

BPA

Dioxins

Dihydrotestosterone(DHT)

Synthetic chemicals that disrupt

testosterone homeostatic

∙ External genitalia ∙ Wolffian duct

∙ Bone formation

∙ Muscle mass

∙ Spermatogenesis

∙ Hypothalamic/

pituitary feedback

∙ Bone resorption

∙ Epiphyseal closure

∙ Gynecomastia

∙ Some vascular and

behavioral effects

∙ Prostate growth

∙ Acne

∙ Facial/body hair

∙ Scalp hair loss

Albumin

(50 – 70%)

SHBG

(30 – 45%)

Free

(0.5 – 3.0%)

Excretion (90%)

Figure 7.13 Adverse effects of EDCs on testosterone metabolism.