Front Matter

346 Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 13.3 Primary tissues injuries and treatments by acuity

Type of tissue Acuity Common problem list Possible treatments

Muscle contractile

components

Acute 1. Pain due to inflammation

2. Decreased extensibility


3. Decreased strength
   
   
   1. Modalities
   
   
   2. Modalities and stretching
   
   
   3. Pain‐free isometric strengthening
      Subacute 1. Pain due to tissue injury
   
   
   
   


4. Decreased extensibility


5. Decreased strength


6. Modalities


7. Modalities and stretching


8. Pain‐free concentric strengthening
   Chronic 1. Decreased extensibility


9. Decreased strength


10. Modalities and stretching


11. Eccentric strengthening
    Muscle elastic
    components

Acute 1. Pain due to inflammation

2. Decreased extensibility
   
   
   1. Modalities
   
   
   2. Modalities, stretching, and manual therapy
      Subacute 1. Pain due to tissue injury
   
   
   
   


3. Decreased extensibility


4. Modalities


5. Modalities, stretching, and manual therapy
   Chronic 1. Decreased extensibility 1. Modalities, stretching, and manual therapy
   Ligament, grades
   I and II

Acute 1. Pain due to inflammation

2. Joint instability
   
   
   1. Modalities
   
   
   2. Stabilization with bracing and pain‐free
      isometric muscular stabilization
      Subacute 1. Pain due to inflammation
   
   
   
   


3. Joint instability


4. Modalities


5. Stabilization with bracing and pain‐free
   concentric/eccentric muscular stabilization
   Chronic 1. Joint instability 1. Grade I – concentric/eccentric muscular
   stabilization


6. Grade II – bracing and concentric/eccentric
   muscular stabilization
   Ligament, grade III Acute 1. Pain due to inflammation


7. Joint instability


8. Modalities


9. Stabilization with bracing and isometric
   muscular stabilization
   Subacute 1. Pain due to inflammation


10. Joint instability


11. Modalities


12. Stabilization with bracing and muscular
    stabilization
    Chronic 1. Joint Instability 1. Stabilization with bracing and muscular
    stabilization
    Joint capsule Acute 1. Pain due to inflammation


13. Joint hypomobility^1


14. Modalities and joint mobilizations


15. Joint mobilizations
    Subacute 1. Joint hypomobility 1. Modalities and joint mobilizations
    Chronic 1. Joint hypomobility 1. Modalities and joint mobilizations
    Intra‐articular
    cartilage

Acute 1. Pain due to inflammation

2. Joint hypomobility
   
   
   1. Modalities and joint mobilizations
   
   
   2. Joint mobilizations including compression
      Subacute 1. Joint hypomobility 1. Modalities and joint mobilizations
      Chronic 1. Joint hypomobility 1. Modalities and joint mobilizations
      Peripheral nerves Acute 1. Pain due to inflammation
      and nerve damage
   
   
   
   


3. Atrophy prevention
   
   
   1. Modalities
   
   
   2. Modalities including electrical stimulation
   
   
   
   

Subacute 1. Pain due to nerve damage

2. Atrophy Prevention
   
   
   1. Modalities
   
   
   2. Modalities including electrical stimulation
      Chronic 1. Decreased connective
      tissue extensibility
   
   
   
   


3. Weakness
   
   
   1. Modalities and stretching
   
   
   2. Therapeutic exercise
   
   
   
   

(^1)  For joint hypermobility see “Ligament.”