Chapter 19 The Prevention and Management of Pain in Canine Patients 499vanilloid receptor 1‐expressing primary afferent
neurons for pain control. J Clin Invest, 113,
1344–1352.
King, J. N., Rudaz, C., Borer, L., Jung, M., Seewald, W.
& Lees, P. 2010. In vitro and ex vivo inhibition of
canine cyclooxygenase isoforms by robenacoxib: a
comparative study. Res Vet Sci, 88, 497–506.
Knapp, D. W., Richardson, R. C., Chan, T. C., Bottoms,
G. D., Widmer, W. R., Denicola, D. B., et al. 1994.
Piroxicam therapy in 34 dogs with transitional cell
carcinoma of the urinary bladder. J Vet Intern Med,
8, 273–278.
KÖGEL, B., Terlinden, R. & Schneider, J. 2014.
Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tap-
entadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs. Vet
Anaesth Analg, 41(3), 297–304.
Konya, V., Marsche, G., Schuligoi, R. & Heinemann,
A. 2013. E‐type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) in dis-
ease and therapy. Pharmacol Ther, 138, 485–502
Kreitler, S., Niv, D. & Carr, D. B. 2007. Cognitive
impairment in chronic pain. IASP Pain Clin
Updates, 15(4), 1–4.
Krotscheck, U., Boothe, D. M. & Little, A. A. 2008.
Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine following
intravenous administration in dogs. Am J Vet Res,
69, 722–727.
Kukanich, B. 2013. Outpatient oral analgesics in dogs
and cats beyond nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
drugs: an evidence‐based approach. Vet Clin North
Am Small Anim Pract, 43(5), 1109–1125.
Kukanich, B. 2016. Pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-
dynamics of oral acetaminophen in combination
with codeine in healthy Greyhound dogs. J Vet
Pharmacol Ther, 39(5), 514–517.
Kukanich, B. & Papich, M. G. 2004. Pharmacokinetics
of tramadol and the metabolite O‐desmethyltra-
madol in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 27, 239–246.
Kukanich, B. & Spade, J. 2013. Pharmacokinetics of
hydrocodone and hydromorphone after oral
hydrocodone in healthy Greyhound dogs. Vet J,
196(2), 266–268.
Kukanich, B., Lascelles, B. D. & Papich, M. G. 2005.
Pharmacokinetics of morphine and plasma con-
centrations of morphine‐6‐glucuronide following
morphine administration to dogs. J Vet Pharmacol
Ther, 28, 371–376.
Kuo, G. 2006. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
In: Boswell, M. V., Cole, B. E. & Weiner, R. S. (eds),
Weiner’s Pain Management : A Practical Guide For
Clinicians, 7th edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/
Taylor & Francis, p. 774.
Kyles, A. E., Papich, M. & Hardie, E. M. 1996.
Disposition of transdermally administered fenta-
nyl in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 57, 715–719.
LA Vincente, S. F., White, J. M., Somogyi, A. A.,
Bochner, F. & Chapleo, C. B. 2008. Enhanced
buprenorphine analgesia with the addition of
ultra‐low‐dose naloxone in healthy subjects. Clin
Pharmacol Ther, 83, 144–152.
Lascelles, B. D., Cripps, P. J., Jones, A. & Waterman‐
Pearson, A. E. 1998. Efficacy and kinetics of carpro-
fen, administered preoperatively or postoperatively,
for the prevention of pain in dogs undergoing
ovariohysterectomy. Vet Surg, 27, 568–582.
Lascelles, B. D. X., Gaynor, J. & Smith, E. S. 2007.
Evaluation of amantadine as part of a multimodal
analgesic regimen for the alleviation of refractory
canine osteoarthritis pain. In: World Small Animal
Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings,
Sydney, Australia.
Lascelles, B. D., Knazovicky, D., Case, B., Freire, M.,
Innes, J. F., Drew, A. C. & Gearing, D. P. 2015. A
canine‐specific anti‐nerve growth factor antibody
alleviates pain and improves mobility and func-
tion in dogs with degenerative joint disease‐asso-
ciated pain. BMC Vet Res, 11, 101.
Lee, A., Cooper, M. G., Craig, J. C., Knight, J. F. &
Keneally, J. P. 2007. Effects of nonsteroidal anti‐
inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal func-
tion in adults with normal renal function. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev, 2, CD002765.
Lerche, P., Aarnes, T., Covey‐Crump, G. & Taboada,
F. M. 2016. Handbook of Small Animal Regional
Anesthesia and Analgesia Techniques, 1st edn.
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longmire, D. R., Jay, G. W. & Boswell, M. V. 2006.
Neuropathic pain. In: Boswell, M. V. & Cole, B. E.
(eds), Weiner’s Pain Management: A Practical Guide
for Clinicians, 7th edn. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor &
Francis, pp. 297–314.
Lovheim, H., Sandman, P. O., Kallin, K., Karlsson, S. &
Gustafson, Y. 2006. Poor staff awareness of analge-
sic treatment jeopardises adequate pain control in
the care of older people. Age Ageing, 35, 257–261.
MacDougall, L. M., Hethey, J. A., Livingston, A.,
Clark, C., Shmon, C. L. & Duke‐Novakovski, T.- Antinociceptive, cardiopulmonary, and sed-
ative effects of five intravenous infusion rates of
lidocaine in conscious dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg, 36,
512–522.
Malek, S., Sample, S. J., Schwartz, Z., Nemke, B.,
Jacobson, P. B., Cozzi, E. M., et al. 2012. Effect of
analgesic therapy on clinical outcome measures in
a randomized controlled trial using client‐owned
dogs with hip osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res, 8, 185.
Marquez, M., Boscan, P., Weir, H., Vogel, P. & Twedt,
D. C. 2015. Comparison of NK‐1 receptor antago-
nist (maropitant) to morphine as a pre‐anaesthetic
agent for canine ovariohysterectomy. PLoS One,
10(10), e0140734.
Marshall, W. G., Hazewinkel, H. A., Mullen, D., DE
Meyer, G., Baert, K. & Carmichael, S. 2010. The
effect of weight loss on lameness in obese dogs
with osteoarthritis. Vet Res Commun, 34, 241–253.