Chapter 21 Conditions and Rehabilitation of the Working Dog 541● Hyperthermia
● Poorly fitting harnesses
● Encounters with wildlife (especially moose,
muskox, caribou) (Figure 21.22)
● Cardiac arrhythmias: genetic, electrolyte
imbalance, hyperkalemia from exertional
myopathy
● Exertional myopathy.
Service dogs
There is a wide variety of roles that service dogs
play. Effective March 15, 2011, under the
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a Service
Animal is defined as any dog that is individually
trained to do work or perform tasks for the ben-
efit of an individual with a disability, including a
physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or
other mental disability. Other species of animals,
whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained,
are not service animals for the purposes of this
definition. The work or tasks performed by a ser-
vice animal must be directly related to the
individual ́s disability. There are many different
tasks that service dogs perform; some dogs per-
form more than one role.
Examples of the work that these dogs might
perform include assisting individuals who are
blind or have low vision with navigation and
other tasks, alerting individuals who are deaf
or hard of hearing to the presence of people or
sounds, providing nonviolent protection or res-
cue work, pulling a wheelchair, assisting an
individual during a seizure, alerting individu-
als to the presence of allergens, retrieving items
such as medicine or the telephone, providing
physical support and assistance with balance
and stability to individuals with mobility disa-
bilities, and helping persons with psychiatric
and neurological disabilities by preventing or
interrupting impulsive or destructive behav-
iors. The crime deterrent effects of an animal ́s
presence and the provision of emotional sup-
port, well-being, comfort, or companionship do
not constitute work or tasks for the purposes of
this definition.
It is not known how many working dogs
there are in the United States or other countries.
For example, Guide Dogs for the Blind reports
having trained 14,000 total teams since their
inception in 1942; they currently claim 2200
active dog guides. There probably are 10,000
dog guides working across the United States
when one considers dogs trained by all guide
dog schools.
According to the University of Arizona, in
2014 0.9% of persons with disabilities were
partnered with service dogs (see the Service
Dog Central website). In 1990, Congress foundFigure 21.22 Working dogs can be faced with many different and unexpected situations, such as this sled dog team
that met a herd of musk oxen on the trail. Source: Photo by Heather Williams.