70 Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
Itano, N. & Kimata, K. 2002. Mammalian hyaluronan
synthases. IUBMB Life, 54, 195–199.
Kadler, K. E., Holmes, D. F., Trotter, J. A., & Chapman, J. A.
- Collagen fibril formation. Biochem J, 316(1), 1–11.
Keeley, F. W., Bellingham, C. M., & Woodhouse, K. A. - Elastin as a self‐organizing biomaterial: use
of recombinantly expressed human elastin
polypeptides as a model for investigations of
structure and self‐assembly of elastin. Philos Trans
R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 357, 185–189.
Khan, I. M., Redman, S. N., Williams, R., Dowthwaite,
G. P., Oldfield, S. F., & Archer, C. W. 2007. The
development of synovial joints. Curr Top Dev Biol,
79, 1–36.
Kim, S. H., Turnbull, J., & Guimond, S. 2011.
Extracellular matrix and cell signalling: the
dynamic cooperation of integrin, proteoglycan
and growth factor receptor. J Endocrinol, 209,
139–151.
Kjaer, M. 2004. Role of extracellular matrix in adapta
tion of tendon and skeletal muscle to mechanical
loading. Physiol Rev, 84, 649–698.
Knudsen, J.G., Joensen, E., Bertholdt, L., Jessen, H.,
Van Hauten, L., Hidalgo, J., & Pilegaard, H. 2016.
Skeletal muscle IL‐6 and regulation of liver
metabolism during high‐fat diet and exercise
training. Physiol Rep, 4(9). pii: e12788.
Ko, K. S. & Mcculloch, C. A. 2001. Intercellular mech
anotransduction: cellular circuits that coordinate
tissue responses to mechanical loading. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun, 285, 1077–1083.
Kurz, B., Lemke, A. K., Fay, J., Pufe, T., Grodzinsky, A.
J., & Schunke, M. 2005. Pathomechanisms of
cartilage destruction by mechanical injury. Ann
Anat, 187, 473–485.
Lai, W. M., Hou, J. S., & Mow, V. C. 1991. A triphasic
theory for the swelling and deformation behaviors
of articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng, 113, 245–258.
Lim, J. H., Boozer, L., Mariani, C. L., Piedrahita, J. A.,
& Olby, N. J. 2010. Generation and characterization
of neurospheres from canine adipose tissue‐
derived stromal cells. Cell Reprogram, 12, 417–425.
Loeser, R. F., Goldring, S. R., Scanzello, C. R., &
Goldring, M. B. 2012. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the
joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum, 64, 1697–1707.
Mackey, A. L., Heinemeier, K. M., Koskinen, S. O., &
Kjaer, M. 2008. Dynamic adaptation of tendon and
muscle connective tissue to mechanical loading.
Connect Tissue Res, 49, 165–168.
Maroudas, A. 1980. Metabolism of Cartilaginous
Tissues: A Quantitative Approach. Tunbridge Wells:
Pitman.
Masouros, S. D., Mcdermott, I. D., Amis, A. A., &
Bull, A. M. 2008. Biomechanics of the meniscus‐
meniscal ligament construct of the knee. Knee Surg
Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 16, 1121–1132.
Mithieux, S. M. & Weiss, A. S. 2005. Elastin.
Adv Protein Chem, 70, 437–461.
Miyazaki, M. & Esser, K. A. 2009. Cellular mecha
nisms regulating protein synthesis and skeletal
muscle hypertrophy in animals. J Appl Physiol, 106,
1367–1373.
Moczydlowski, E. & Apkon, M. 2009. Cellular physi
ology of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. In:
Boron, W. F. & Boulpaep, E. L. (eds), Medical
Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach, 2nd
edn. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders‐Elsevier.
Momberger, T. S., Levick, J. R., & Mason, R. M. 2005.
Hyaluronan secretion by synoviocytes is
mechanosensitive. Matrix Biol, 24, 510–519.
Mosher, D. S., Quignon, P., Bustamante, C. D., Sutter,
N. B., Mellersh, C. S., Parker, H. G., & Ostrander, E.
A. 2007. A mutation in the myostatin gene increases
muscle mass and enhances racing performance in
heterozygote dogs. PLoS Genet, 3, e79.
Nieman, D.C., Zwetzloot, K.A., Meaney, M.P.,
Lomiwes, D.D., Hurst, S.M., & Hurst, R.D. 2015.
Post‐exercise skeletal muscle glycogen related to
plasma cytokines and muscle IL‐6 protein content,
but not muscle cytokine mRNA expression.
Front Nutr, 2, 27.
Pedersen, B. K., Akerstrom, T. C., Nielsen, A. R., &
Fischer, C. P. 2007. Role of myokines in exercise
and metabolism. J Appl Physiol, 103, 1093–1098.
Pagano, T. B., Wojcik, S., Costagliola, A., De Biase, D.,
Iovino, S., Iovane, V., et al. 2015. Age related skele
tal muscle atrophy and upregulation of autophagy
in dogs. Vet J, 206, 54–60.
Pownall, M. E., Gustafsson, M. K., & Emerson, C. P.,
Jr. 2002. Myogenic regulatory factors and the
specification of muscle progenitors in vertebrate
embryos. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 18, 747–783.
Ramage, L., Nuki, G., & Salter, D. M. 2009. Signalling
cascades in mechanotransduction: cell‐matrix
interactions and mechanical loading. Scand J Med
Sci Sports, 19, 457–469.
Reich, C. M., Raabe, O., Wenisch, S., Bridger, P. S.,
Kramer, M., & Arnhold, S. 2012. Isolation, culture
and chondrogenic differentiation of canine
adipose tissue‐ and bone marrow‐derived
mesenchymal stem cells—a comparative study.
Vet Res Commun, 36, 139–148.
Robling, A. G., Niziolek, P. J., Baldridge, L. A.,
Condon, K. W., Allen, M. R., Alam, I., et al. 2008.
Mechanical stimulation of bone in vivo reduces
osteocyte expression of Sost/sclerostin. J Biol
Chem, 283, 5866–5875.
Roughley, P. J. 2006. The structure and function of car
tilage proteoglycans. Eur Cell Mater, 12, 92–101.
Sakamoto, K. & Goodyear, L. J. 2002. Invited review:
intracellular signaling in contracting skeletal
muscle. J Appl Physiol, 93, 369–383.
Schaefer, L. & Iozzo, R. V. 2008. Biological functions
of the small leucine‐rich proteoglycans: from
genetics to signal transduction. J Biol Chem, 283,
21305–21309.