Devita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer

LWBK1006-13 LWW-Govindan-Review November 24, 2011 11:22

142 DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s CANCER: Principles and Practice of Oncology Review

Question 13.4. A healthy 85-year-old man was found to have an elevated prostate-specific

antigen (PSA) level. He had no urologic symptoms. Evaluation and biopsy

revealed a localized prostate cancer with a low Gleason score. This is an

example of:

A. Primary prevention

B. Secondary prevention

C. Tertiary prevention

D. Case finding

Question 13.5. Which of the following statements regarding the risk of developing

esophageal cancer is true?

A. Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease increases the risk for

esophageal cancer.

B. Surveillance with upper endoscopy reduces the risk of esophageal

cancer.

C. Aggressive antireflux therapy for patients with Barrett’s esophagus

reduces the risk of esophageal cancer.

D. Patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome do not have increased risk

for esophageal cancer.

Question 13.6. A new screening test for ovarian cancer was developed. It was tested in

a tertiary care academic medical center in a group of women with breast

cancer (BRCA) mutations and was found to have a sensitivity of 70%,

specificity of 90%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 10%. If a woman

in the study population is found to have a positive (abnormal) test result,

how would you interpret it?

A. There is a 30% chance that this represents a false-positive result.

B. There is a 10% chance that this represents a false-positive result.

C. There isa9in10chance that this represents a false-positive result.

D. You can be 90% sure that your patient has the disease.

Question 13.7. If the use of this test (from Question 13.7) is expanded to the general

population, it is expected that:

A. The test sensitivity will be lower.

B. The test specificity will be lower.

C. The PPV will be lower.

D. The test specificity will be higher.

Question 13.8. Which one or more of the following screening tests for colorectal cancer

have been proven effective in randomized controlled trials?

A. Fecal occult blood testing

B. Flexible sigmoidoscopy

C. Air-contrast barium enema

D. Colonoscopy