Devita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer

LWBK1006-23 LWW-Govindan-Review December 12, 2011 19:10

312 DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s CANCER: Principles and Practice of Oncology Review

Answer 23.1.4. The answer is B.

Anything that decreases ovulation decreases the risk of ovarian cancer.

Thus, oral contraceptives, multiparity, and breastfeeding decrease the like-

lihood that an individual will develop ovarian cancer. Several population-

based studies show that tubal ligation decreases the likelihood of devel-

oping ovarian cancer.

Answer 23.1.5. The answer is C.

p53 is mutated in approximately 50% of patients with ovarian cancer.

VEGF is often overexpressed and is associated with poor prognosis. BAX

is a pro-apoptotic gene and overexpression of the BAX gene is associ-

ated with increased responsiveness to chemotherapy and better prognosis.

Mutations involving the KRAS and PTEN mutation are more common

in mucinous or endometrioid tumors.

Answer 23.1.6. The answer is D.

There are no data that suggest any adjuvant therapy will improve the

survival in patients with tumors of low malignant potential.

Answer 23.1.7. The answer is A.

Elevated CA-125 indicates disease recurrence and in patients who are

asymptomatic with no other objective evidence of disease recurrence, the

appropriate treatment would be hormonal therapy. Chemotherapy is con-

sidered when patients have symptomatic disease or there is objective evi-

dence for disease recurrence.

Answer 23.1.8. The answer is D.

The majority of inherited disease in the Jewish population is due to one

of the three founder mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Answer 23.1.9. The answer is C.

Answer 23.1.10. The answer is D.

There are several published studies, at least two of which are referenced

in the corresponding chapter (Chapter 42), that report this benefit.

Answer 23.1.11. The answer is B.

Answer 23.1.12. The answer is B.

There are several studies that address this issue. Most data suggest that

platinum/taxane-based therapy is superior to others.

Answer 23.1.13. The answer is E.

Although the majority (almost 80%) of patients with advanced-stage

(III–IV) ovarian cancer will achieve a clinically complete remission

with taxane/platinum combination therapy, approximately 70% will