Devita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer

LWBK1006-47 LWW-Govindan-Review December 12, 2011 20:55

582 DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s CANCER: Principles and Practice of Oncology Review

Question 47.4. Randomized controlled trials provide the highest level evidence for the

efficacy and safety of a medical intervention. The ethical justification for

these includes the concept of clinical equipoise, which is best defined in

what manner?

A. Determination of physician to give best treatment irrespective of trial

mandates

B. Uncertainty about the merit of a treatment versus the current standard

of care

C. Valuation of societal benefit over individual patient outcome by the

clinician

D. Ability of study subjects to withdraw from a clinical trial whenever

desired

Question 47.5. Conflict of interest is a potential risk when industry sponsors a clinical

trial. Research shows that one of the most significant impacts of industry

funding is which of the following?

A. Less rigorous methodology compared with nonindustry-sponsored

research

B. Data interpretation that is favorable to the company instead of objec-

tive

C. Controlled reporting and dissemination of study results

D. Frequent ownership of stock by investigators of industry-funded trials

Question 47.6. Which of the following statements regarding the Orphan Drug Act is

NOT true?

A. Provides incentives for drugs intended to treat rare diseases.

B. Orphan drug designation can provide for 10 years of marketing exclu-

sivity on drug approval.

C. Orphan drug designation could result in tax incentives and drug

research grants to the manufacturer.

D. None of the above.

Question 47.7. Which of the following is an example of nonvoluntary active euthanasia?

A. Provide a medicine that a patient can use to commit suicide.

B. Terminate life-sustaining treatments.

C. Administration of medications to cause death in a patient incapable

of providing consent.

D. Intervention to cause death in a patient who is competent but did not

sign the consent.

Question 47.8. Which of the following types of euthanasia is considered universally

unethical?

A. Passive euthanasia

B. Physician-assisted suicide

C. Voluntary active euthanasia

D. Involuntary active euthanasia