Governance of Biodiversity Conservation in China And Taiwan

engage in the trade-offs that perhaps are essential to improve environmental
conditions, but this depends on when the question is asked and the economic
situation (and perceived political capability) at that moment. In the following
chapter, we consider the extent of biodiversity problems in both jurisdictions.

ENDNOTES

1. See Reischauer, Edwin O. and John K. Fairbank (1960), East Asia: The Great Tradition,
   Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., pp. 69–71, 75–76 and 82–84.


2. See Mappes, Thomas A. and Jane S. Zembaty (eds) (2002), Social Ethics: Morality and
   Social Policy, 6th edn, Boston: McGraw-Hill, pp. 475–79.


3. Confucius, The Analects, translated by D.C. Lau (1979), New York: Penguin Books,
   p. 88.


4. Ibid, p. 104.


5. Mencius, translated by D.C. Lau (1984), Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.


6. de Bary, William Theodore, Wing-tsit Chan and Burton Watson (compilers) (1960), Sources
   of Chinese Tradition, vol. I, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 48.


7. Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching, translated by Gia-fu Feng and Jane English (1972), New York:
   Vintage Books, p. 8.


8. Ibid, p. 29.


9. Quoted in Hsiao, Kung-chuan (1979), A History of Chinese Political Thought: Volume I,
   Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 393.


10. Ibid.


11. Reischauer and Fairbank, op cit, n. 1, pp. 46–47.


12. Ibid, p. 102.


13. Meskill, John (ed.) (1973), ‘History of China’, in An Introduction to Chinese Civilization,
    New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 71–72.


14. ‘Han’ is a cultural term, dating from the Han Dynasty. Originally it was used to distinguish
    Chinese from the ‘barbarians’ – Mongols and Manchus in the north, Tibetans in the west,
    and tribes such as the Yo and Miao of the southwest. Approximately 93 percent of the
    Chinese population is composed of the Han.


15. The Dalai Lama (2002), ‘Wildlife: A Symbol of Freedom’, in Vivek Menon and Masayuki
    Sakamoto (eds), Heaven and Earth And I: The Ethics of Nature Conservation in Asia, New
    Delhi: Penguin Enterprise, p. 21.


16. Tserendeleg, J., ‘Great Father Sky and Mother Earth: Mongolian Nature Conservation
    Traditions’, in Menon and Sakarnoto, p. 48.


17. Harris, Richard B. (1996), ‘Approaches to Conserving Vulnerable Wildlife in China’,
    Environmental Values, 5 , 307.


18. In this paragraph, Premier Ping Chen of the Western Han Dynasty described the duties of
    the emperor and premier. Quoted in Sima Qian, Records of the Historian: Han Dynasty,
    translated by Burton Watson (1961), New York: Columbia University Press revised edition,


19. 
    


20. See Ma Jun (2004), China’s Water Crisis, Norwalk, CT: EastBridge, pp. 72 and 131–32.


21. Qian, Sima, Shiji, 2003 edn, Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, p. 1407; Lai Wu (2004), Du
    Jiangyan, Qingchengshan, Taipei: Xiangboshu, p. 16.


22. Zhuang, Ping and Zhengbo Feng (2004), ‘The Status of Biodiversity and Its Characteristics
    in the Dujiangyan’, Chen Yiyu (ed.), Advances in Biodiversity Conservation and Research
    in China(in Chinese), Beijing: Qishang Publishers, p. 74.


23. Cheng, Minsheng (1999), Songdai diyu jingji[Regional Economy of the Sung Dynasty],
    Kaifeng, Henan: Daxue Chubanshe, pp. 304–308.


24. Bao, Maohong (2004), ‘Zhongguo Huanjingshi yanjiu’ [‘A research on the environmental
    history of China’], Zhongguo Lishi Dili Luntan, 19 (3) (March), 124–30.

36 Governance of biodiversity conservation in China and Taiwan