The Economist April 30th 2022 27
Europe
France
Macron rolls up his sleeves
S
tanding beforethe illuminated back
drop of the Eiffel Tower on election
night, Emmanuel Macron made history,
and then a promise. In a runoff vote on
April 24th that defied modern precedent,
the 44yearold centrist president was re
elected with 58.5% of the vote. He roundly
defeated the nationalistpopulist Marine
Le Pen, who secured 41.5%. Mr Macron is
now the only sitting president with a go
verning majority since the Fifth Republic
was established in 1958 to have been re
elected by direct universal suffrage.
It was a personal triumph for Mr Mac
ron, who has run for election only twice:
each time for the presidency, each time
with success. His fledgling political party,
now called La République en Marche
(lrem), was set up just six years ago. The
last time the French reelected an incum
bent—Jacques Chirac in 2002—Mr Macron
was a student intern in Nigeria, studying at
the Ecole Nationale d’Administration.
It was also, at least partially, a victory
for centrist, broadly liberal, proEuropean
politics over the forces of nationalism and
populism. Mr Macron framed the runoff
vote as one for or against tolerance, free
dom and the European Union. On election
night, he emerged to the strains of the eu
anthem, and his supporters waved the eu
flag. Ms Le Pen called it a choice between
the people and the “globalist” Parisian
elite. In the end, 42% of the 7.7m voters
who preferred the radicalleft JeanLuc Mé
lenchon in the first round backed Mr Mac
ron in the second, according to an Ipsos
poll; only 17% of them went for Ms Le Pen.
The result, though, also carried a warn
ing. In 2002 Ms Le Pen’s father, JeanMarie
Le Pen, scored a mere 18% in the presiden
tial runoff. In 2017, when Mr Macron de
feated Ms Le Pen for the first time, she
nearly doubled that result, securing 34%.
Now, even in defeat, she has never come so
close to winning the highest office.
Indeed at Mr Macron’s victory rally the
mood was one of relief, not euphoria. “I’m
just so thankful it’s not Marine Le Pen,”
said Léa, a 23yearold student out cele
brating with friends. “We were really wor
ried she might win.” When Mr Macron took
to the stage, he stressed the point: “I know
that many citizens voted for me not in sup
port of my ideas but to keep out those of the
far right.” Hence the promise he made that
night: of a “new era”, of “five better years”
not just five more years, with a more inclu
sive and consultative governing style.
As he prepares for a second term, Mr
Macron faces two challenges. First, sec
ondround voting patterns reflected a
deeply fractured France. Fully 85% of the
electorate in Paris backed Mr Macron. In
the village of AuchylesMines, in the for
mer mining basin of the north, 69% voted
for Ms Le Pen. Thanks to campaign prom
ises to ease the cost of living and stand up
for the downtrodden, Ms Le Pen pushed
out of the rustbelt of the north and east,
and her party’s old stronghold in Provence
and the Riviera, into many rural and semi
rural parts. Mr Macron will need to find a
way to speak to the people of disaffected
P ARIS
Freshly re-elected, the president prepares for a tough second term
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