159- GlutaMax is an improved cell culture supplement of l-
glutamine that is stable at room temperature and used in cell
culture medium. - Penicillin/Streptomycin solution is used in the medium
(1 ml/100 ml of medium) as a broad-spectrum antibiotic to
prevent bacterial contamination during cell culture. - Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) is used to
remove serum from cultured cells monolayer before
trypsinization. - Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%) is used for cell dissociation or detach-
ment. Trypsin cuts the adhesion proteins in cell–cell and cell–
matrix interactions. EDTA is a calcium chelator and integrins
need calcium to interact with other proteins for cell adhesion. - Trypan blue is a dye used for cell viability assay. It is based on
the principle that live cells possess intact cell membranes that
exclude trypan blue dye, whereas dead cells do not. Dark blue
cells, which take up the dye, are dead and should not be
counted under the microscope. - Paclitaxel has been used in combination with carboplatin as a
conventional combination therapy for advanced EAC [ 31 ].
Paclitaxel is a classical microtubule inhibitor that promotes
Fig. 4 Peritoneal and hepatic tumor xenograft formation after intraperitoneal injection of OE19 cells. (a)
Peritoneal tumor implant in SCID mice. (b) Low and (c) high power H&E stained sections of peritoneal tumors.
(d) Hepatic tumor implants (blue arrows). (e) H&E staining of hepatic tumor implant (blue arrows). (f) H&E stain-
ing of OE19 metastasis to liver (blue arrows) (published in PLoS One. 2017; 12(6):e0180146 and permission
obtained from publisher to reuse)
Xenograft Models of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma