Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Methods and Protocols

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A combination of techniques such as cell sorting based on cell surface

and intracellular protein marker, in vitro functional assays, and xeno-

transplantation is commonly in use to identify CSCs in different

carcinomas including esophageal adenocarcinoma. Table 1 presents

the markers used to identify CSCs in esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Table 1
Markers used to identify CSCs in esophageal adenocarcinoma

Markers Assay methods References

ALDH1 FACS [ 6 ]

Cell proliferation

Spheres formation

Xenograft mouse model

CD44+/CD24− FACS [ 7 ]

Colony formation

Xenotransplantation

Immunohistochemistry

Immunofluorescence

ALDH FACS [ 8 ]

Colony formation

Spheres formation

Patients-derived xenograft model

Integrin α 6 bright/CD71dim Achaete-scute

complex homolog^2

FACS [ 9 ]

Spheres formation

Colony formation

Xenotransplantation

Chemo-sensitivity

Immunohistochemistry

Hoechst 33342/SP cells FACS [ 1 ]

Colony formation

Soft agar

Xenograft mouse model

Immunofluorescence

FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Farhadul Islam et al.