Cannabinoid Function in Learning, Memory and Plasticity 475Nava F, Carta G, Colombo G, et al (2001) Effects of chronic∆9tetrahydrocannabinol treat-
ment on hippocampal extracellular acetylcholine concentration and alternation perfor-
mance in the T-maze. Neuropharmacology 41:392–399
Navarro M, Fernandez Ruiz JJ, de Miguel R, et al (1993) Motor disturbances induced
by an acute dose of∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol: possible involvement of nigrostriatal
dopaminergic alterations. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 45:291–298
Nowicky AV, Teyler TJ, Vardaris RM (1987) The modulation of long-term potentiation by
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the rat hippocampus, in vitro. Brain Res Bull 19:663–
672
O’Leary DS, Block RI, Koeppel JA, et al (2002) Effects of smoking marijuana on brain
perfusion and cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology 26:802–816
Ohno-Shosaku T, Maejima T, Kano M (2001) Endogenous cannabinoids mediate retro-
grade signals from depolarised postsynaptic neurons to presynaptic terminals. Neuron
29:729–738
Ohno-Shosaku T, Tsubokawa H, Mizushima I, Yoneda N, Zimmer A, Kano M (2002) Presy-
naptic cannabinoid sensitivity is a major determinant of depolarization-induced retro-
grade suppression at hippocampal synapses. J Neurosci 22:3864–3872
Onaivi ES, Green MR, Martin BR (1990) Pharmacological characterisation of cannabinoids
in the elevated plus-maze. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 253:1002–1009
Paton GS, Pertwee RG, Davies SN (1998) Correlation between cannabinoid mediated ef-
fects on paired pulse depression and induction of long term potentiation in the rat
hippocampal slice. Neuropharmacology 37:1123–1130
Patrick G, Straumanis JJ, Struve FA, Fitz-Gerald MJ, Leavitt J, Manno JE (1999) Reduced
P50 auditory gating response in psychiatrically normal chronic marihuana users: a pilot
study. Biol Psychiatry 45:1307–1312
Pearl J, Domino E, Rennick P (1973) Short-term effects of marijuana smoking on cognitive
behavior in experienced male users. Psychopharmacologia 31:13–24
Pertwee RG (1997) Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Pharmacol Ther
74:129–180
Pitler TA, Alger BE (1992) Postsynaptic spike firing reduces synaptic GABA(A) responses
in hippocampal pyramidal cells. J Neurosci 12:4122–4132
Pope HG, Yurgelun-Todd D (1996) The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in
college students. J Am Med Assoc 275:521–527
Porter AC, Felder CC (2001) The endocannabinoid nervous system: Unique opportunities
for therapeutic intervention. Pharmacol Ther 90:45–60
Presburger G, Robinson JK (1999) Spatial signal detection in rats is differentially disrupted
by∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, scopolamine and MK-801. Behav Brain Res 99:27–34
Reibaud M, Obinu MC, Ledent C, et al (1999) Enhancement of memory in cannabinoid CB1
receptor knock-out mice. Eur J Pharmacol 379:R1–R2
Robbe D, Alonso G, Duchamp F, Bockaert J, Manzoni JM (2001) Localization and mecha-
nisms of action of cannabinoid receptors at the glutamatergic synapses of the mouse
nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci 21:109–116
Robbe D, Kopf M, Remaury A, Bockaert J, Manzoni O (2002) Endogenous cannabinoids
mediate long-term synaptic depression in the nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 99:8384–8388
Robbe D, Alonso G, Manzoni O (2003) Exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids control
synaptic transmission in mice nucleus accumbens. Ann NY Acad Sci 1003:212–225
Robinson L, Hinder L, Pertwee RG, Riedel G (2003) Effects of∆9-THC and WIN-55,212-2
on place preference in the water maze in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 166:40–50
Rochford J, Grant I, LaVigne G (1977) Medical students and drugs: Further neuropsycho-
logical and use pattern considerations. Int J Addict 12:1057–1065
Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Del Arco I, Martin-Calderon JL, et al (1998) Role of the endogenous
cannabinoid system in the regulation of motor activity. Neurobiol Dis 5:483–501