Evolution, 4th Edition

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 339 herbivorous beetles than were those from unsprayed plots, and they produced more polyacetylenes, ...

340 CHAPTER 13 growing close to each other were more different in defense characteristics than if they had been sampled at rando ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 341 If two regions have similar environments, we might expect to see convergent evolution not only of ...

SUmmARY ■■Coevolution is reciprocal evolutionary change in two or more species resulting from the interac- tion among them. Spec ...

SUggESTIonS FoR FURTHER READIng J. n. Thompson reviews many aspects of coevo- lution and provides numerous examples in The Geogr ...

14_EVOL4E_CH14.indd 344 3/22/17 2:44 PM ...

Comparing the genomes of people, plants, and protists reveals a startling disconnect between our impressions of their complexity ...

346 CHAPTER 14 This chapter explores the evolution of the genome by first discussing how new genes originate. It then discusses ...

THE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 347 The Birth of a Gene One of the most fundamental questions we can ask about evolution is: ...

348 CHAPTER 14 As a chromosome with a new gene duplicate spreads through a population, there is polymorphism in the number of co ...

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 349 of the enzymes that digests the bacteria is encoded by the RNASE1B locus, which originat ...

350 CHAPTER 14 Gene duplication happens on a massive scale when mutation produces a tetra- ploid (see Chapter 4). A tetraploid d ...

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 351 useful protein seems vanishingly small. But as unlikely as that is, recent research has ...

352 CHAPTER 14 A functioning duplicate that becomes fixed in a population can meet one of sev- eral ultimate fates [37, 44] (see ...

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 353 Last, a duplicate gene and its parental copy can subfunctionalize so that each carries o ...

354 CHAPTER 14 flies (Drosophila) there has been a flight of genes from the X chromosome to the autosomes (FIGURE 14.11). Severa ...

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 355 molecular evolution. We now understand that the neutral theory is a powerful explanation ...

356 CHAPTER 14 coefficient evolves almost as if it is selectively neutral, and so can be fixed by drift. As a result, more evolu ...

T HE EvoluTion of GEnEs And GEnomEs 357 type to find humans is its ability to detect human odors [47]. An odorant receptor prote ...

358 CHAPTER 14 important to bacteria and archaea, in which they are widespread in the genome, but they are also found in viruses ...