Evolution, 4th Edition

EvoluTIonARy BIology 19 human history (see Chapter 3). Usually, however, we must infer evolutionary history and its causes by in ...

20 CHAPTER 1 12]. This example illustrates how evolutionary hypotheses can be tested, and it also shows how they can predict and ...

EvoluTIonARy BIology 21 Ethics, religion, and evolution In the world of science, the reality of evolution has not been in doubt ...

SuMMARy ■■Evolution is the unifying theory of the biological sciences. Evolutionary biology aims to discover the history of life ...

v ctorian prose, you will be enthralled by the craft, i detail, completeness, and insight in Darwin’s argu- ments. It is an asto ...

“Darwin online” (http://darwin-online.org.uk), com- piled by John van Wyhe, provides all of Darwin’s writings, including many tr ...

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In 1915, Mildred Hoge, studying the genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila mela- nogaster, found a mutation that she designated ey ...

28 CHAPTER 2 Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Services Evolution4e_02.01.ai Date 11-02-2016 (A ...

T HE TREE of LifE 29 tree. Closely adjacent twigs represent living species derived only recently from their common ancestors (sh ...

30 CHAPTER 2 which lived during long-past geological periods, very few have left living and modified descendants. From the very ...

T HE TREE of LifE 31 evolved from a symbiotic association (B) between an archaean and a bacterium that evolved into the mitochon ...

32 CHAPTER 2 prize goes to the single insect order Coleoptera: there are about 350,000 known species of beetles (P). Among the f ...

T HE TREE of LifE 33 else we can learn from phylogenetic studies. This chapter and Chapter 16 delve into these questions. Phylog ...

34 CHAPTER 2 but she is still more closely related to her sister. Likewise, two closely related spe- cies may be less similar to ...

THE TREE of LifE 35 be rotated without any change in the diagram’s meaning. Relationships among the taxa are defined by the orde ...

36 CHAPTER 2 In some cases, fossils provide very important information about the evolution- ary history of a group, including re ...

T HE TREE of LifE 37 least three evolutionary changes. (Convince yourself by trying it out!) So the most likely hypothesis is th ...

38 CHAPTER 2 Sometimes the information about DNA sequences or other characteristics simply is insufficient to resolve the relati ...