Evolution, 4th Edition

420 CHAPTER 16

Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e

Sinauer Associates

Troutt Visual Services

Evolution4e_16.19.ai Date 02-02-2017

No chief

Simple chiefdom

Complex chiefdom

State

Formosan

Philippine

Micronesian

Polynesian

Western

Malayo-Polynesian

Central

Malayo-Polynesian

Oceanic

FIGURE 16.19 A phylogenetic analysis of change in political organi-

zation, inferred from 84 traditional populations living on western and

central Pacific islands. The “phylogeny” of the societies is based on

linguistic characteristics. Colored circles represent types of political

organization. At each ancestral node in the phylogeny, the pie dia-

gram represents the relative degree of statistical support for each of

the political character states that the ancestral society might have had.

Note that states (yellow circles) have arisen several times, that states

and complex chiefdoms (dark red) have arisen from simple (pale red)

or other complex chiefdoms rather than from no-chief societies (blue),

and that some no-chief societies have arisen from more complex

organizations. (After [9].)

16_EVOL4E_CH16.indd 420 3/22/17 1:33 PM