Sugar (random)–80 mg/dl
Total proteins–5.0 g/dl
Albumin–2.2 g/dl
Urea–42 mg/dl
Creatinine–1.9 mg/dl
Cholesterol–380 mg/dl
Na+125 mEq/L
K+6.0 mEq/L
Urine was tested positive for protein and hematuria was present. Comment
on report.Ans: The laboratory results show that urea and creatinine are near normal while
total protein and albumin are decreased. Urine tests positive for proteins, and
there is significant increase in serum cholesterol. Thesefindings are sugges-
tive of nephritic syndrome that generally occurs in glomerulonephritis. In
glomerulonephritis, the glomerular basement membrane becomes thin, and
there is the presence of small pores in podocytes of the glomerulus. These
pores allow proteins and RBCs to pass into the urine. Nephritic syndrome
also decreases serum albumin levels due to its high excretion in urine.
Q.4. A 50-year-old hypertensive patient with facial and lower limb edema
appearance was admitted to hospital. Laboratory blood analysis results
showed:
Sugar (fasting)–250 mg/dl
Albumin–2.2 gm/dl
Cholesterol–275 mg/dl
Creatinine–2.4 mg/dl
Urea–105 mg/dl
Urine examination showed positive Benedict’s test with red precipitate, and
urine proteins were very high. What is the possible diagnosis?Ans: Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia along with acute
renal failure and edema are the classical presentation of nephrotic syndrome.
Patient has diabetes mellitus (urine positive for reducing sugars) and hyper-
tension, and these may have caused nephrotic syndrome.
Q.5. The blood investigation of a 70-year-old woman is shown below:
Sodium–125 mmol/L
Potassium–3.8 mmol/L
Urea205 mg/dL
Creatinine–4.4 mg/dL
Calcium6.2 mg/dL
Phosphate7.5 mg/dL
Alkaline phosphatase90 U/L
What is the most probable diagnosis?166 39 Some Important Case Studies