56 Part Two
the title of his study the “Pavilion of Eagle Shooting”, an allusion to his
hatred of the intruders.
Chapter 6 examines causes of Qing China’s perceptions and
knowledge of the maritime world at its peak of power in the eighteenth
century. During this era, the Chinese divided the broad maritime
space into two sectors, namely the Nanyang and the Great Western
Ocean. The former was perceived as less threatening but the latter had
a less friendly image attributable to growing British and Dutch power
in the region. However, the self-conϔidence of the Qing had led it to
underestimate the threat from the Great Western Ocean. Intelligence-
gathering and knowledge-generating were not yet part of the
political culture of Qing China, unknowingly facing a rapidly changing
maritime world.
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