index 301English language, 29, 50, 51, 150, 270;
in bin Laden posters, 182, 184, 185;
code-switched with Hausa, 89; Lance
Spearman photo novels and, 74, 75; in
social media posts, 254; in song lyrics,
248–249; Tanzanian local reception of
Nolly wood films and, 154; video film
subtitles in, 169, 170. See also pidgin Eng-
lish, Nigerian
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 117
“epithets” (kirari), 48
espionage films, 70
exorcism, 54
Facebook: Lance Spearman page, 81–82;
white A frican musicians and, 239, 243,
250–254, 258, 277n21
fa’ dakarwa (admonition), 132
Fanon, Frantz, 11
Faulkingham, Ralph, 45
Fearless Fang (photo-novel character), 60,
61, 73, 80, 272n4 (chap. 2)
feedback processes, 53, 253
Femina (magazine), 273n10
Ferguson, James, 12
Fid-Q , 248
film (cinema), 6, 20, 260; A merican films
noir, 22; dubbing of foreign films, 158–
162, 171; mobile cinemas, 75, 158; photo
novels and, 57. See also Kany wood;
Nollywood
Film Tanzania (magazine), 78, 154, 272n8
Fim (magazine), 127, 131, 136, 139, 189, 274n2
“Fire for Fire” censorship operation, 121
First International Conference on Hausa
Films, 132
FK D Productions, 131
Fodé, Ousmane, 43, 45
folklore, A frican, 82
Force d’intervention rapide (Wenge Musica
Maison Mère album), 114
Foucault, Michel, 85
419 scams, 203, 204–206, 207, 212, 267; in
academic communication, 226–228;
local confidence tricks and, 213–215;
orientalist mimicry and, 208, 209; origin
of name, 202; vindicated in popular dis-
course, 219–220, 222
France, Emmanuel, 169
Frank, Emeka, 182
Frankfurt School, 5
Frazer, James, 14, 271n3
French colonial West A frica, 21, 31; chefs
de canton (district chiefs) in, 32, 33, 36;
gardes de cercle (A frican police), 36; pas-
siones and embodied pastiches in, 35–42;
spirit possession in Niger during 1920s,
32–35
French language, 29, 44, 45
Friday the 13th (A merican film), 163
Friedman, Jonathan, 271n5
Fuglestad, Finn, 33, 37, 38, 52
Fulbe people, 30, 128, 129, 131, 148gambling, 21, 50
Game, Mtitu, 151, 165, 166, 167, 169–170, 171
Game 1st Quality, 151, 165, 167
Gandji, 33, 36
Gao, Tassao, 33
Gazza (Namibian rapper), 238, 246–247
Gebauer, Gunter, 259, 261, 266, 267
General, the (military spirit), 44
Géricault, Théodore, 85
Germany, 249–250, 252
Getao, Kate, 76–77, 81
Gewald, Jan-Bart, 227
Ghana, 20, 56, 276n8 (chap. 7); Babule
spirits in, 42–46; Nigerien immigrants
in, 31, 43, 53; pop music in, 234. See also
Gold Coast
Gidauniya (Hausa film), 138–139, 148
“Girgiza kai” (Shake your head; Ziriums
song), 145
Girlfriend (Tanzanian film), 163
Giwa, Tunde, 62, 77
Glickman, Harvey, 208
globalization, 5, 121, 224
Gold Coast, 34, 35, 42–46. See also Ghana
Gold Fever (Spearman story), 69
Governor, the (military spirit), 44
Gowon, Yakubu, 54
Great Train Robbery (Britain, 1963), 68