308 i n de x
representation, 8, 11, 14, 271n2
reproduction, photomechanical, 16
Republic, The (Plato), 9, 262, 263, 267
re-signification, 17
revitalization movements, 36–37, 53
R icoeur, Paul, 18, 19
rituals, 2, 12, 201; mimesis and, 8, 260; of
spirit possession, 13; spirits clad in Euro-
pean colonial uniforms, 20
Rouch, Jean, 34, 42–43
Rumsfeld, Donald, 190
Ryan, Pauline, 49
Sacks, Harvey, 231
Sadness and Joy (magazine), 60, 79, 272n4
(c h a p. 2)
Saint, Lily, 19
Salam Salam (fi l m), 125
Salaman, Victor, 54, 272n1 (chap. 1)
Sanga, Imani, 235
Sani (Tanzanian newspaper), 154, 157–158
Sani, A hmed, 174, 196
satellite tv, 3, 197, 270
Saudi A rabia, 195, 196, 270
Savage Hits Back, The (Lips), 26
scamming, 2, 20, 25, 223–228, 269–270;
advance-fee fraud, 204–205, 207, 219; as
industry, 204–207; orientalist mimicry
and, 199–201, 208–214; origins of Nige-
rian fraud schemes, 201–204; vindicated
in popular discourse, 219–223; “wash-
wash” money laundering, 214–219, 216,
276n7 (chap. 7). See also 419 scams
Schadeberg, Jürgen, 59
Schneider, A rnd, 18, 19
Sell, “Easy” Eric. See EES
Selles, Mapunda, 163
Senegal, 59
Shabani Records, 111
Shagari, Shehu, 203
Shaheed (The martyr; Hausa film), 133, 134,
135–136
sharia law, 25, 54, 120, 122, 147; censorship
and, 122–125, 133; Christian migrants in
northern Nigeria and, 175–176; debate
over, 196; reintroduced in Kano state,
121, 173, 195, 197
Shekarau, Ibrahim, 144, 146
Shibo, 32–35, 36, 38, 40, 42
Shiite brotherhood, 133
ships, in allegory, 85
Shumileta (Tanzanian film), 274n4
(chap. 5)
Siafu, The: Revolution (photo novel), 82
Sikitiko Langu (Tanzanian film), 274n5
(c h a p. 5)
Simon, Okolo Ben, 203, 204
simulation, 267
Skrbis, Zlatko, 230, 257, 258
Smith, A ndrew, 200, 208, 209, 224
Smith, Daniel Jordan, 201, 205, 206, 209,
210
soap operas, 3, 5, 81
Socrates, 271n1
Sofowote, Segun, 272n9
soja-dance (soldier dance), 47
Sokoto caliphate, 175, 195
Son of Samson (superhero), 60
Songhay-Zerma people, 34, 35
songs, 2, 24; call-and-response patterns,
110; praise songs, 48; scamming as
subject of, 219–220, 222–223; Titanic as
subject of, 1, 4, 20, 104–105, 106, 106–111,
273nn8–12; wa’ kar soja (soldier song),
47–48
Sonia (photo-novel character), 61–62, 62,
64, 70–71, 72, 82
Sørensen, Espen. See Mzungu Kichaa
South A frica, 20, 21, 60, 234, 264; apartheid
state, 60–61; dstv satellite network,
270; Namibian independence from, 255
Spade, Sam (fictional character), 70
Spear (magazine), 61, 272n4 (chap. 2)
Spear Dices with Death, The (Spearman
story), 68
Spear Meets Bomber Brown, The (Spearman
story), 68
Spear versus the Killer Crabs, The (S p e a r -
man story), 68
Spearman, Lance (The Spear; photo-novel
character), 21–22, 58, 60–61, 83, 262, 266;
actors portraying, 61; in African Film
covers, 58, 63, 65; as A frican James Bond,
56–57, 66, 67, 77; as A frica’s top crime