ABOVE A juvenile howls with his siblings
and parents, which are out of shot; a
youngster’s howls are short and repetitive
compared with those of an adult, which
linger and are deeper. Howls keep the pack
in touch and advertise territory.
RIGHT A lot of effort is being made
to support farmers who are affected
by wolves beyond just offering
compensation. Measures such as electric
fences and guard dogs are being used to
deter packs and protect livestock. This
Abruzzese mastiff wears a spiked collar to
prevent wolves from biting its neck.NATURE