Clinical_Rounds_in_Endocrinology_Volume_II_-_Pediatric_Endocrinology

384 (70 %), and gastric neuroendocrine tumors (10 %). Rarely, pheochromocytoma (<1 %) and thymic NET (<2 %) have also been ...

385 imaging is not helpful in these individuals, and bilateral neck exploration should be performed in these patients. The genet ...

386 pituitary adenoma. Fifteen percent of patients with MEN1 syndrome may pres- ent with prolactinoma as the first manifestation ...

387 A 30-year-old woman presented with upper abdominal pain and recurrent epi- sodes of vomiting for the last 2 years. She is o ...

388 liver. Additional distinguishing feature in MEN1-related gastrinoma is the higher incidence of concurrent gastric carcinoids ...

389 What is multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome? Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndrome is an autosomal ...

390 How to suspect MEN2A syndrome? MTC is the most common and the earliest presenting manifestation of MEN2A syndrome. The pre ...

391 What are the causes of nodular goiter with cervical adenopathy? The differential diagnosis for a nodular goiter with cervi ...

392 What is RET proto-oncogene? RET (REarranged during Transfection) proto-oncogene is the only gene known to be associated wi ...

393 What are the mucosal neuromas? Neuromas are encapsulated nerve sheath tumors which are composed of well- differentiated Sc ...

394 What are the common RET mutations associated with different variants of MEN 2 syndrome? The RET mutations associated with ...

395 mutational analysis associated with risk for MTC and age of prophylactic sur- gery in these patients is summarized in the ta ...

396 What is the molecular mechanism for the development of multiple neoplasias in patients with Carney’s complex? Protein kina ...

397 What is Von Hippel–Lindau disease? Von Hippel–Lindau disease is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by ...

398 a c e b d Fig. 11.8 (a, b) Fundus photograph and fluorescein angiography in a patient with VHL showing retinal angioma (arro ...

399 How does VHL gene mutation result in tumorigenesis? VHL is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a protein which in normoxi ...

400 ras activates a number of downstream signaling pathways including the mam- malian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-act ...

© Springer India 2016 401 A. Bhansali et al., Clinical Rounds in Endocrinology, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2815-8_12 12 Diabetes in ...

402 What is the topography of islet cells in the pancreas? The word islet means small island, which originated from the French ...

403 What is glucose–glucagon axis? In physiology, declining glucose levels result in stimulation of glucagon secre- tion, wher ...