atic review. International Journal of Surgery. 2014;12(2):134–40. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.
2013.11.018.
[44] Makhabah DN, Martino F, Ambrosino N. Peri-operative physiotherapy. Multidiscipli‐
nary Respiratory Medicine. 2013;8(1):4.
[45] Smetana GW. Postoperative pulmonary complications: an update on risk assessment
and reduction. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2009;76(Suppl 4):S60–S5.
[46] Hanekom S, Brooks D, Denehy L, Fagevik-Olsen M, Hardcastle T, Manie S, et al.
Reaching consensus on the physiotherapeutic management of patients following upper
abdominal surgery: a pragmatic approach to interpret equivocal evidence. BMC
Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 2012;6:12.
[47] Perme C, Chandrashekar R. Early mobility and walking program for patients in
intensive care units: creating a standard of care. American Journal of Critical Care.
2009;18(3):212–21.
[48] Kress JP. Clinical trials of early mobilization of critically ill patients. Critical Care
Medicine. 2009;37(10):S442–S7.
[49] Mendez-Tellez PA, Nusr R, Feldman D, Needham DM. Early physical rehabilitation in
the ICU: a review for the neurohospitalist. The Neurohospitalist. 2012;2(3):96–105.
[50] Thomas AJ. Physiotherapy led early rehabilitation of the patient with critical illness.
Physical Therapy Reviews. 2011;16(1):46–57.
[51] Truong AD, Fan E, Brower RG, Needham DM. Bench-to-bedside review: mobilizing
patients in the intensive care unit–from pathophysiology to clinical trials. Critical Care.
2009;13(4):216.
[52] Castro-Avila AC, Serón P, Fan E, Gaete M, Mickan S. Effect of early rehabilitation
during intensive care unit stay on functional status: systematic review and meta-
analysis. PloS One. 2015;10(7).
[53] Adler J, Malone D. Early mobilization in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal. 2012;23(1):5.
[54] Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon K, Norderval S, Lobo D, et al. Guidelines for
perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
(ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clinical Nutrition. 2012;31(6):801–16.
[55] Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, Carli F, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Schäfer M, et al.
Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery
After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Clinical Nutrition. 2012;31(6):817–
30.
[56] Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, Jichlinski P, Ljungqvist O, Hubner M, et al. Guide‐
lines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced
Physiotherapy Following Emergency Abdominal Surgery
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/63969
125