human 148–149, 286
the Magna Carta and
196
natural (seenatural
rights)
pluralism and 233
Rousseau and 265
state of nature concept
and 285
Rights of Man(Paine) 226
The Rise and Decline of West-
ern Thought and Culture
271
Roads to Freedom(Sartre) 6
Robertson, Marion “Pat”
56, 261–262
Robespierre, Maximilien
162
Roe v. Wade 2
Roman Law 262, 263
Cicero 58
concept of alienation 7
Gaius’ Institutes 119
Justinian code 167
rule of law 179, 262,
265, 265–266
Roman political thought
(Roman Empire) 145,
262–263See alsoCicero,
Marcus Tullius; classical
political thought
Augustine on 22
Bolingbroke 36
Caesar (emperor) 45
Charlemagne 53
citizenship 58
Constantine 72
Gibbon’s study of 122
humanism 149
human nature 148
imperialism 155
Marcus Aurelius
199–200
Polybius history of
235–236
rationalism 252
revolutionary change
259
Seneca 274
Tacitus 291
Romanticism 51, 263–264
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
264
Democratic Party and
82
Four Freedoms 115
New Deal 82, 171–172,
186, 218–219
Rosenberg, Alfred 215
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
264–265
civil religion 61–62
civil society 62
communitarianism 67
concept of general will
114, 120–121, 282
humanism 149
human nature 11
property ownership
66
Romanticism 263, 265
state of nature 285
Rubenstein, Richard 144
rule of law 179, 262, 265,
265–266
Rusk, Dean 171
Ruskin, John 266
Russell, Bertrand 239,
266–267
Russian Revolution
182–183, 206s
The Sacred Contagion(Hol-
bach) 143
Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri
de Rouvroy, count de
269–270
Sanhedrin 270
Sartor Resartus(Carlyle)
51
Sartre, Jean-Paul 7, 99, 270,
270
satyagraha 119, 173
Saville, George 193
Savonarola, Girolamo
270–271
Schaeffer, Francis August
271
Schiller, Johann Christoph
Friedrich von 271–272
Schlick, Moritz 237
School and Society(Dewey)
83–84
school prayer 57, 240
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois
272
science and technology
Bacon’s integration with
government 27Saint-Simon, progress
and 269
Strauss, domination by
286
scientific method
behaviorism and 31
Durkheim and 89
Hobbes and 141
Mill’s use of 208
political science and
235
positivism and
237–238
Scotland, Reformation in
174
Scottish Enlightenment
212–213, 272–273, 277
Second Great Awakening
273
The Second Treatise of Gov-
ernment(Locke) 50, 66,
70, 80, 190
secular humanism 150
Secularism 273–274
Seneca, L. Annaeus 274
separation of powers
274–275
absolutism and 3
federalism and 4, 104,
195, 309
Madison and 3, 104,
195, 309
Montesquieu and 211
Witherspoon and 309
settlement-house movement
275
Sheldon, Charles M.
275–276, 279
Sing Sing prison 49
Sisyphus 47
The Six Books of a Common-
weal(Bodin) 35–36
skepticism
Hume 151
Montaigne 211
Sketch for a Historical Pic-
ture of the Progress of the
Human Mind(Condorcet)
68
Skinner, Quentin Robert
Duthie 276
slavery 276–277
abolition movement
1–2, 88
Douglass on 88Fitzhugh’s defense of
108–109
Jefferson and 163
Lincoln and 188–189
states rights and 9–10
Smith, Adam 277
criticism of Mercantil-
ism 206
industrialism 157
and Quesnay 249, 250
Scottish Enlightenment
and 272, 273
social contract 277–278
Beccaria, authority and
30–31
Burke and 42
Locke’s limited 189,
190
Mayflower Compact
204–205
obligations and
223–224
Paine and 226
political legitimacy and
180, 181
Rousseau and 265
Spinoza and 283
The Social Contract
(Rousseau) 61, 120–121
Social Darwinism 278
in American political
thought 10
anthropology and 14
progress and 242
Spencer and 283
Sumner and 287
social democracy/democrats
278
American liberalism
and 186
Fabianism 101–102
Kautsky’s gradual
socialism 170
leftist ideology 180
The Social Destiny of Man
(Fourier) 110
social ethics Seeethics
Social Gospel Movement
253, 279
settlement-house move-
ment 275
Sheldon and 275–276
socialism 279–281 See also
communism; Marxism;
Marx, Karl340 Index