tinental phases of British relations with the peoples of Europe” on the grounds that those
negotiations comprise a separate and separable “political history” (v). See also J. H. Elliot,
The Old World and the New, 1492–1650(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970 ),
which treats westward expansion largely in isolation from England’s.
56. Barbara Fuchs, Mimesis and Empire: The New World, Islam, and European Identi-
ties(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001 ).
57. See Deborah Root, “Speaking Christian: Orthodoxy and Difference in Sixteenth-
Century Spain,” Representations 23 (Summer 1998 ): 118 – 34.
58. Thomas Preston, Cambyses, King of Persia, in Drama of the English Renaissance, I:
The Tudor Period, ed. Russell A. Fraser and Norman Rabkin (New York: Macmillan Pub-
lishing, 1976 ), 61 – 80.
59. Robert Greene, Selimus, Emperor of the Turks, in Three Turk Plays from Early Mod-
ern England, ed. Daniel J. Vitkus (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000 ),55–147.
60. An odd shepherd, Bullithrumble, appears in the midst of the political turmoil,
having all the markings of a “homespun English fool” and reanimating “an old tale well
known in the native English tradition” of pastoral impersonation, the ubiquitous prince in
sheep’s clothing, but it is the bound of sovereignty, not state, that is crossed and crucial
here (Vitkus, “Introduction,” in Three Turk Plays, 20 ).
61 .The Tragedie of Solimon and Perseda(London: Edward Allde); William Shake-
speare, The Merchant of Venice, ed. M. M. Mahood ( 1987 ; Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 2003 ).
62. For a concise overview of England’s overseas activity, see Williamson, Short His-
tory, esp. 92 – 97 ; see also my critique in note 52 above.
63. Richard Hakluyt, “Epistle Dedicatory in the first edition of 1589 ,” in Principal
Navigations.The classical cosmographies include The excellent and pleasant worke of Julius
Solinus Polyhistor, trans. Arthur Golding (London, 1587 );The Rare and Singular worke of
Pomponius Mela, trans. Golding (London, 1590 ); and Stephen Batman, Batman uppon
Bartholome, his Booke: De Proprietatibus Rerum(London, 1582 ). See also Johannes Boemus,
The Fardle of Façions, trans. William Waterman (London, 1555 ; New York: Da Capo Press,
1970 ), which appeared earlier.
64. On the move toward a coherent mercantilism, see Harris, Sick Economies, esp.
3 – 13. On privateering, see Kenneth Andrews, Elizabethan Privateering: English Privateering
During the Spanish War, 1585–1603(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1964 ). See also
Robert Brenner, Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and Lon-
don’s Overseas Traders, 1550–1653(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
65. For extensive views of activity in Barbary, see Matar, Britain and Barbary; E. W.
Bovill, The Battle of Alcazar: An Account of the Defeat of Don Sebastian of Portugal at El-
Ksar el-Kebir(London: Batchworth Press, 1952 ); and D’Amico, 7 – 40. Especially pertinent
is the account of “The Ambassage of M. Edmund Hogan...from her Highnesse to Mully
Abdelmelech Emperour of Morocco” in 1577 , in Hakluyt, 6 : 285 – 93.
66. Matar, Britain and Barbary, 13 ; see also Matar, Turks, Moors, and Englishmen,
32 – 34 ; and Burton, Traffic and Turning, 53 – 91.
67. Matar, Britain and Barbary, 13.
200 notes to pages 14–17