- See especially Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Indians and English: Facing Off in Early
America(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000 ). See also Mary C. Fuller, Voyages in
Print: English Travel to America, 1576–1624(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995 ). - See especially David Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (Cam-
bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 ); and Anthony Pagden, Lords of All the World:
Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France,c. 1500–c. 1800(New Haven, Conn.: Yale
University Press, 1995 ). - For a particularly pertinent discussion of “culture” in this period, see David Lee
Miller, Sharon O’Dair, and Harold Weber, “Introduction,” in The Production of English
Renaissance Culture, ed. Miller et al. (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1994 ), 1 – 12. - Early modern scholars tend to think blackness was already a preeminent sign of
race by the seventeenth century; compare Roxann Wheeler, The Complexion of Race: Cat-
egories of Difference in Eighteenth-Century British Culture(Philadelphia: University of Penn-
sylvania Press, 2000 ), who argues that color-based conceptions of race did not stabilize
until the end of the eighteenth century. See also Winthrop Jordan, White over Black: Amer-
ican Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550–1812(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
1968 ). - I am drawing here on Elin Diamond’s provocative conception of performance as
a “doing and a thing done”; from her introduction to Performance and Cultural Politics, ed.
Elin Diamond (New York: Routledge, 1996 ), 4 – 5. - Barthelemy, Black Face,72, 147. See also Tokson and D’Amico.
- Tokson, 141 ; see his chronological list of these plays.
- The most influential examples include Tokson, who covers the period 1550 – 1688 ;
Barthelemy, Black Face, which covers plays from 1589 to 1695.
chapter one
- My summary (and my spelling of proper names), here and below, draw primarily
on the detailed account in Bovill, The Battle of Alcazar. Also helpful have been Matar,
Britain and Barbary, 12 – 20 ; D’Amico, 7 – 40 ; and Leeds Barroll, “Mythologizing the Ot-
toman:The Jew of MaltaandThe Battle of Alcazar,” in Remapping the Mediterranean in
Early Modern English Writings, ed. Goran Stanivukovic (New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
2007 ), 117 – 30. An earlier version of this chapter appeared in Stanivukovic, under the title
“The Battle of Alcazar, the Mediterranean, and the Moor,” 97 – 116. - On this spectacle, see Bovill, 159.
- A useful bibliography of early accounts appears in John Yoklavich, ed., The Dra-
matic Works of George Peele, vol. 2 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1961 ),
369 – 73. See also Yoklavich’s discussion of these texts, 226 – 36,and Bovill, 149 n 2.
4 .Montaigne’s Essayes, 3 vols., trans. John Florio, intro. L. C. Harmer (London: Dent,
1965 ), 2 : 405 – 6. - These include the pamphlet Newe Newes contayning A Shorte rehersall of the late en-
terprise of certain fugytive Rebelles: fyrst pretended by Captaine Stukeley( 1579 ), Anthony
notes to pages 17–22 201