- See, for example, Africanus, 248 , 258 , 701 , 714 , 729 , 736.
- Burton has been especially influential; see Traffic and Turning, 243. Davis’s argu-
ment, as I have noted at the start of the chapter, follows suit. - See Africanus, 236 – 38 , 240 , 249 – 50 , 301 – 3.
chapter seven
- See the note to 1. 1. 135 in Neill’s edition of Othello. Neill suggests “extravagant” as
“a characteristic attributed to barbarians generally.” See also the note to 1. 1. 149 in the New
Variorium Edition of Othello, ed. Horace Howard Furness ( 1886 ; New York: Dover, 1963 ). - For a useful survey of the textual issues and arguments, see E. A. J. Honigmann,
The Texts ofOthelloand Shakespearian Revision(London: Routledge, 1996 ), and Neill, ed.,
405 – 33. See also William Shakespeare, Othello, ed. Norman Sanders (Cambridge: Cam-
bridge University Press, 1984 ), 193 – 207. - See the Accounts of the Master of the Revels, Edmund Tilney, quoted in Sanders’s
introduction, 1. Barbara Everett names this the preeminent title in Shakespeare’s day;
“ ‘Spanish’ Othello: The Making of Shakespeare’s Moor,” in Alexander and Wells, eds., 65. - Everett, 65.
- A. C. Bradley, Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on “Hamlet,” “Othello,” King Lear,”
“Macbeth,” 2 nd ed. ( 1905 ; rpt. London: Macmillan, 1929 ), 175 – 242. - Loomba, “Sexuality and Racial Difference,” in Barthelemy, ed., 171 ; Greenblatt,
Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare(Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1980 ), 245 ; Michael D. Bristol, Big-Time Shakespeare(London: Routledge, 1996 ),
185–86. For other readings in this vein, see Little, esp. 72 – 78 ; Habib, esp. 135 – 46. Compare
Neill, Putting History to the Question, 207 – 36. - Both the Italian text and the English translations, where quoted, come from an ap-
pendix in the New Variorium Othello, 377 – 89 , here 377. Hereafter, page numbers appear
in my text. - It is likely that Shakespeare read the Italian version, or a French translation of 1584.
See Sanders, ed., 2 – 3. In addition to the Variorum translation, the translation in Othello,
ed. Edward Pechter (New York: Norton, 2004 ), 160 , changes “Barbarian” to “barbarian.”
Bruno Ferraro’s translation in Neill, ed., preserves “Barbarian,” 443. - William Thomas, The History of Italy, ed. George B. Parks ( 1549 ; Ithaca: Cornell
University Press, 1963 ), 9 ; Lewes Lewkenor, trans., The Commonwealth and Government of
Venice, by Cardinall Gasper Contareno (London, 1599 ), 1. Lewkenor notes that Con-
tareno’s text was written some eighty years before his own translation; see his comments
“To the Reader,” A 4 v. - From Sebastian Munster, Cosmographia( 1550 ), translated by and included as “Se-
bastian Munster’s description of the Citie of Venice” in Lewkenor, 172. - Thomas, 78 ; page numbers hereafter appear in my text. This point also appears in
Lewkenor, 15 – 16. - Lewkenor, 16 , 18.
220 notes to pages 150–158