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It can be seen from Table3.7that, (1) the average number of NK disciplines in

985Us is notably larger than that in non-985Us, the difference between the two

types of university is about 11. (2) To the four Human Input indicators, such as CK

Scholars, JQ Scholars, T&R Staff and T&R Staff with Senior Title, the gaps

between the two types of university are still very obvious, which are seldom nar-

rowed down across years. The 985Us averages of CK Scholars, JQ Scholars, T&R

Staff, and T&R Staff with Senior Title, are 12 times, 13 times, 2 times, and 2 times

higher than those of non-985Us respectively. (3) To the indicators of R&D Grants

and R&D Grant per capita, the gaps between 985Us and non-985Us are 4 times and

2 times respectively.

In the aspect of yearly change rate of average research input, 985Us are also very

different from non-985Us. See Table3.8for details.
It can be found in Table3.8, the growth rate of research grants in NEAM

disciplines of 985Us is larger than that of non-985Us in 2007–2010, while the

growth rates of inputs of human resources and National Key disciplines are not

always larger in 985Us.

In order to illustrate more visually the gaps and their changes on research inputs

between 985Us and non-985Us, we plot the yearly average of each input into bar

chart. See Figs.3.9,3.10,3.11,3.12,3.13and3.14for details.

It can be found in Figs.3.9and3.10, in the high-level human resources indi-

cators like CK Scholars and JQ Scholars, the gaps between 985Us and non-985Us

are very obvious. Compared with non-985Us, the growth rates of CK scholars and

JQ Scholars of 985Us are much stronger, which enlarges the gaps between the two

Table 3.7 Averages of research inputs of 985Us and non-985Us (NEAM)

Type 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

NK

disciplines

985Us 12.87 13.92 13.92 13.92 13.92

Non-985Us 2.30 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.94

CK

scholars

985Us 17.78 20.00 22.65 25.97 25.97

Non-985Us 1.52 1.78 2.10 2.32 2.32

JQ scholars 985Us 10.81 13.24 15.60 18.14 20.65

Non-985Us 0.81 1.05 1.29 1.49 1.70

T&R staff 985Us 2426.73 2513.05 2540.95 2594.00 2653.32

Non-985Us 1162.41 1203.46 1307.84 1347.92 1384.89

T&R staff

with senior

title

985Us 747.32 762.60 770.97 781.05 813.24

Non-985Us 300.51 305.46 333.95 348.48 360.68

R&D

grants

(¥1000)

985Us 395,737.97 496,765.30 583,545.95 677,110.54 938,189.24

Non-985Us 105,229.29 129,934.16 158,488.32 188,286.76 242,309.54

R&D

grants per

capita

(¥1000)

985Us 164.18 204.57 238.66 265.41 356.98

Non-985Us 90.11 108.39 123.40 142.43 183.61

3.2 Status and Change of Research Inputs in 211Us 45