LOW-CARBON CITY SCENARIOS FOR DKI JAKARTA TOWARDS 2030 63(LCD). LCD tracks a development path that will lead to socioeconomic
development with low-carbon emissions. LCD concepts can be imple-
mented at the national level as well as at the regional, city, community,
and corporate levels. Although DKI Jakarta has not formally sought to
achieve LCD, the mitigation action plan under the DKI Jakarta RAD
GRK is in line with efforts that will lead to the achievement of low-
carbon city targets.
This report presents the results of a modelling study on a low-car-
bon city scenario for DKI Jakarta until 2030 and identifi es develop-
ment paths to allow DKI Jakarta to become a low-carbon city by 2030.
As the energy sector accounts for 89 % of all GHG emissions in DKI
Jakarta, the study focuses on the energy sector. Particular emphasis is
placed on selecting energy technologies that are relevant to achiev-
ing low-carbon city targets. The results of the study may be used as a
source of information for the preparation of development strategies,
policies, and plans for DKI Jakarta.
4.2 DESIGN AND METHODS
The tool used in this study is a non-linear programming model ExSS
(Extended Snap Shot) that employs GAMS (General Algebraic Modelling
System) v 23.3, which is supported by various technical, economic, and
social parameters (Dewi et al. 2010 ; Dewi 2012 ). Figure 4.1 shows the
structure of the ExSS tool, with input parameters, exogenous variables,
and variables between modules. The fi gure shows that population and
economic developments serve as a driving force for energy demand and,
correspondingly, GHG emissions. Important residential parameters
include household sizes (number of persons/household), energy ser-
vice demand levels, technology effi ciency levels, and effi cient technology
share levels. Important transportation parameters include trip genera-
tion demand levels, trip distances (annual km-passenger or ton-km) for
each mode of transport, industrial and commercial activity growth levels
(for freight transport), technological effi ciency levels, and effi cient tech-
nology share levels. Important industrial parameters include shares of
industrial subsector outputs, energy service demand levels, technological
effi ciency levels, and effi cient technology share levels. Important com-
mercial sector parameters include fl oor space/output and commercial
output share levels.