LOW-CARBON CITY SCENARIOS FOR DKI JAKARTA TOWARDS 2030 71
ity sector is the largest contributor of GHG emissions. Emissions appear
in the commercial, residential, and industry sectors. Emissions from the
transport sector result almost exclusively from oil combustion.
Based on sectors and forms of fuel use in the energy sector, mitigation
actions are primarily designed to reduce energy consumption levels by
means of effi ciency measures for various energy end users (industrial, com-
mercial, residential, etc.) that decrease GHG emitting fuel use (biofuel,
natural gas, and LPG) in various subsectors (transport, industry, and
power) and that limit energy consumption by shifting transport modes for
passengers and freight transport sectors. By implementing various GHG
emission mitigation measures in all sectors, GHG emissions in 2030 will
decrease by 19 % from 140.3 million tons of CO 2 to 114 million tons of
CO 2. As shown in Fig. 4.9 , all forms of mitigation result in 26 million tons
of CO 2 emission reduction. These actions are discussed in greater detail in
the following section.
5.2
1.9
2.8
4.8
0.1
15.2
30.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
million ton CO2
Power supply
Commercial
Industrial
Residenal
Freight Transport
Passenger Transport
7.1
2.1 0.8
0.7 - 4.0
6.1
3.9
5.1
7.2
8.8 8.7
5.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
million ton CO2
Electricity Gas Oil Coal
Fig. 4.7 GHG emissions from the energy sector in DKI Jakarta in 2005
21.0
7.4 6.7
19.3 0.6
85.4
140.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
million ton CO2
Power supply
Commercial
Industrial
Residential
Freight Transport
PassengerTransport
28.3
6.7 - 3.2 0.6
16.1
0.3
33.2
16.4
35.5
28.7
39.9
35.6 36.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
million ton CO2
Electricity
Gas
Oil
Coal
TransportResident
ial
Indust
rial
Commer
cial
Fig. 4.8 GHG emissions from the energy sector in DKI Jakarta under BaU 2030
conditions