Education and Globalization in Southeast Asia Issues and Challenges

Indonesian Higher Education 131

TABLE 5.8

Probit Estimation of Higher Education Participation

Variables

Public

Pr-NR

Pr-Islam

Pr-Christ

All Sample

coeff./(se) coeff./(se) coeff./(se) coeff./(se) coeff./(se)

FOREGONE

–0.703*** –0.683*** –0.660*** –20.781 –0.679***

(0.064) (0.109) (0.105)

1 (.) (0.050)

TSRATIO

–0.785 0.117 2.996***

• 16.353 0.293

(0.648) (0.727) (1.035)

1 (.) (0.404)

MALE

0.348*** 0.358** 0.226

• 19.283 0.322***

(0.098) (0.176) (0.188)

1 (.) (0.076)

ISLAM

–0.112

–0.890*** –0.287

1 –2.791*** –0.428***

(0.151) (0.275) (0.735)

1.

(0.272) (0.106)

LANGINDO

0.461*** 0.291

0.264

• 13.674 0.390***

(0.116) (0.187) (0.255)

1 (.) (0.084)

URBAN

0.046 –0.035

0.621** –15.621*** 0.122

(0.117) (0.230) (0.242)

1.

(0.248) (0.091)

SIBLING

–0.125*** –0.278*** –0.176**

1 –2.571*** –0.162***

(0.038) (0.080) (0.080)

1.

(0.110) (0.031)

WORKSMA

–0.105 –0.332 0.107

11

6.211 –0.138

(0.178) (0.265) (0.315)

1 (.) (0.126)

SMAFAIL

–0.550 0.059

–1.508

(0.645) (0.540)

(0.989)

ZNEMSMA

0.163*** 0.192** 0.252***

11

5.001*** 0.216***

(0.049) (0.083) (0.084)

1.

(0.277) (0.035)

FATHSHHE

0.589*** 0.036

0.469

11

5.802 0.525***

(0.118) (0.202) (0.273)

1 (.) (0.090)

MOTHSHHE

0.507*** 0.860*** –0.077

11

7.605 0.555***

(0.155) (0.241) (0.366)

1 (.) (0.116)

CONSTANT

–0.860*** –0.116

–1.624

1 –2.189 –0.699***

(0.238) (0.403) (0.871)

1 (.) (0.174)

Pseudo

R2

0.306 0.379 0.297 1

0.322

N

11089

1614

1 297 72

12087

Chi2

1 252.820***

1 163.131***

1 66.376***.

1 449.246***

Notes

: Standard errors are in parenthesis and heteroscedasticity consistent. * Significance at 10 per cent level, ** Significance at 5 per cent level, and

*** Significance at 1 per cent level. Dummies representing the province where individual was lived were also included in the model.