198 Index
Malaysia
common language policy, 37, 40–42
educational language policy, 37,
40, 44
Education Bill (1996), 44
English-medium education, 42–47
globalization, 36
international schools, development
of, 50–51
knowledge-based economy, 42
by linguistic nationalism, 40
Malay-English bilingualism, 38
MBMMBI policy, 38–40, 47–52
National Accreditation Board Bill
(1996), 45
National Council on Higher
Education Bill (1996), 44
nation-building process in, 39–40,
52
native English speakers, 37
new educational policy, 41
and non-Malay students, 39–40, 49
Private Higher Education Bill, 45
rural students in, 52
Malaysia Development Plans, 84, 85
Malaysia Education Blueprint, 31, 47
Malaysian higher education, 9–10,
83, 105
academic staff qualifications, 99–100
access to, 86–91
admission based on meritocracy,
92–94
demand for, 87
employability of university
graduates, 103–4
enrolment patterns, 91–92
equity issues, 91–97
financing for research, 108
human capital growth, 107
impact on labour force, 94–95
implementing development
policies, 106–107
internationalization agenda, 104
international rankings, 101–3
loans for study, 97
management of change, 107
measures of performance, 100
meritocracy to increase quality,
108–9
methodology and data, 84–85
national rating of, 100–101
policy framework, 85–86
postgraduate education, 89–91
privatization of, 5
prizing autonomy, 108
provision, 88–89
quality deficits, 97–98
race-based preferential admission
policies, 5
secondary schooling, quality of,
98–99
strategic planning, 106
student financial assistance, 95–97
Malaysian Higher School Certificate
(STPM), 92, 94
Malaysian language planning, 6–7, 27
attitude towards English, 25
Barnes Report (1951), 21
challenges, 31
Education Act (1996), 23–24
English, as medium of instruction,
23–24
English in education, 8
Fenn-Wu Report (1951), 21
language and identity, 27–29
linguistic history, 26, 28
Malay, as national language, 22,
25–26, 29
Malay language, 3, 7
MBMMBI, 24, 31
1952 Education Ordinance, 21
non-Malays, preference for English,
8
PPSMI, 23, 24