228 Baruch J. Schwartz
Black and Allan Menzies was published in Edinburgh by the publishers Adam and
Charles Black in 1885; this edition has been frequently republished.
- Joseph ben Eliezer Bonfi ls (Tov-Elem) remarks in his fourteenth-century
remarks on the Genesis commentary of Abraham ibn Ezra (1089 – 1164), who al-
luded to the verses in the Torah that could not have been written by Moses, “Since
we have to trust in the words of tradition and the prophets, what should I care
whether it was Moses or another prophet who wrote it, since the words of all of
them are true and inspired?” See Jon Levenson, Th e Hebrew Bible, the Old Testa-
ment, and Historical Criticism: Jews and Christians in Biblical Studies (Louisville,
KY: Westminster/John Knox, 1993), 67. - Most recently, James L. Kugel, How to Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture
Th en and Now (New York: Free Press, 2007). - David Weiss Halivni, Peshat and Derash (New York: Oxford University Press,
1991). - See Baruch J. Schwartz, “On Peshat and Derash, Bible Criticism and Th eol-
ogy,” Prooft exts 14 (1994): 71 – 88. - Another approach is that of Rabbi M. Breuer, concerning which see chapter
15 by Shalom Carmy in this volume. - For his work, see M. M. Kalisch, A Historical and Critical Commentary on
the Old Testament (London: Longmans, Exodus, 1855; Genesis, 1858; Leviticus,
1867 – 72); Kalisch, Bible Studies (London: Longmans, 1877). - Hoff mann’s work on the Bible is not available in English. See D. Hoff mann,
Die wichstigsten Instanzen gegen die Graf-Wellhausensche Hypothese, 2 vols. (Ber-
lin: H. Itzkowski, 1904 – 1916); Hoff mann, Das Buch Leviticus, 2 vols. (Berlin: M.
Poppelauer, 1906); Hoff mann, Das Buch Deuteronomium, 2 vols. (Berlin: M. Pop-
pelauer, 1913 – 1922); Hoff mann, Genesis, ed. and trans. A. Westril (Bnei Brak, Israel:
Nezach, 1971) [in Hebrew]. - For examples of his work, see M. H. Segal, Introduction to the Bible, 8th ed.
(Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, 1967) [in Hebrew]; Segal, Th e Pentateuch: Its Composition
and Authorship and Other Biblical Studies (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1967). - For Cassuto’s work in English, see Th e Documentary Hypothesis and the
Composition of the Pentateuch (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1961), A Commentary on the
Book of Genesis (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1961 – 64), A Commentary on the Book of Exo-
dus (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1967), and Biblical and Oriental Studies (Jerusalem: Mag-
nes, 1973). - Kaufmann’s magnum opus in biblical studies is his Toledot Ha-Emunah
Ha-yisre’elit [Th e History of the Religion of Israel from Antiquity until the End of
Second Temple Times], 4 vols. (Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1937 – 56) [in Hebrew]. An abridged
version of volumes 1 – 3 appeared in English as Th e Religion of Israel, trans. and
abridged by Moshe Greenberg (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960). Th e
fourth volume appeared in full in English as History of the Religion of Israel, vol.
4, From the Babylonian Captivity to the End of Prophecy, trans. C. W. Efroymson