328 charles d. orzech
(alt. Bolare , 744–ca. 810) arrived in 781 and received substan-
tial patronage from Dezong, and worked closely with Amoghavajra’s
disciple, Yuanzhao. He is responsible for several important translations,
including the massive Gaṇdavyūha sūtra, the Da fangguang fo huayan
jing ( T. 293), and the Shouhu guojiezhu tuoluoni
jing ( T. 997) on which he worked closely with
Muniśrī (Munishili ).^59 He reputedly helped Kūkai with his
Sanskrit studies and various sources recount his training in esoteric
matters.^60
In the course of the ninth century several other Indian monks came to
the Tang and settled, taught, and translated texts. During the forty-year
period from 806–846, Shi Manyue , Bodhivajra (Putijin’gang
), Vajrasiddhi (Jin’gangxidi ), and Bodhiṛs ̣i (Putix-
ian ) all propagated esoteric texts and practices.^61 According to
Zanning’s Song gaoseng zhuan biography, Manyue was proficient in
the “Yoga” and Siddham and had retranslated a “Dhāraṇīsaṃgraha-
sūtra” in four fascicles (T. 2061 50.722c–723a).^62 Enchin reports
that another Indian monk, Boredaluo (Prajñatāra?), who
resided at the Kaiyuan monastery in Fuzhou , taught him
Siddham and various esoteric transmissions in the early 850s.^63
The most notable “foreign” monk active in the thirty-five years fol-
lowing the Huichang persecution of Buddhism (842–845) was Zhihui-
lun (Prajñacakra ?–875/876).^64 Zanning’s Song gaoseng zhuan
contains a brief biography and both Ennin and Shūei studied with
him.^65 Enchin studied with him in 855 or early 856, and in 861 Zhi-
huilun sent Enchin eight new scriptures. A letter to Zhihuilun written
(^59) For Muniśri see Lü 1995, 322–23.
(^60) See Copp, “Prajña,” in this volume; and Lü 1995, 319–22. The best study of Pra-
jña remains that of Yoritomi 1979, 1–109; see 54–62 for his treatment of the Shouhu
jing. 61
See Lü 1995, 322–24.
(^62) This would appear to be a retranslation of the work translated by Atikūṭa, T. 901.
However, no trace of the text can be found. See Lü 1995, 323.
(^63) Enchin (814–891), Nihon biku Enchin nittō guhō mokuroku
, T. 2172.55:1101c7–13; Chishō daishi shōrai mokuroku
, 64 T. 2173.55:1107b26–28.
Also rendered as Borezhejieluo and Borelejieluo.
(^65) T. 2061.50:723a5–12. Enchin mentions a Da bianjue fashi shuzan
in one fascicle in the Nihon biku Enchin nittō guhō mokuroku, T. 2172.55:1101b29.
Lü 1995, 324–27, has a discussion of him.