152 Sun Jung
desires of many middle-class Korean citizens today? Focusing on these issues,
this chapter has examined the interaction between Korea’s specific socio-politico-
cultural contexts and grassroots practices as a key context driving the rise in living
co-ops and the construction of a sustainable living movement in Korea. In this
context, it is evident that creating and participating in living co-ops empowers
members, enabling social inclusion, equity, and environmental well-being through
the delivery of sustainable development.
Notes
1 The values cooperatives uphold are self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality,
equity, and solidarity, while the seven principles voluntary and open membership,
democratic member control, member economic participation, autonomy and
independence, education, training and information, co-operation among co-operatives,
and concern for community (International Co-operative Alliance 2013).
2 President Park scaled down “pension payouts for the elderly and delay planned college
tuition subsidies by 1 year until 2015 due to a revenue shortfall—flagship pledges that
won her support from young and old voters during the presidential elections last year”
(Arirang 2013).
3 See http://radio.ddanzi.com/radio. The four main presenters include Kim Ou-Joon
(president, Ddanzi media group); Joo Jin-Woo (investigative journalist, newsweekly
SisaIN), Kim Yong-Min (producer/political critic); and Jeong Bong-Joo (politician/
writer).
4 See http://www.podbbang.com/ch/6409.
5 The term “gu” refers to city’s administrative district or precinct while “dong” refers to
the subdivided area under gu.
6 Hansalim producers own their own farms or processing facilities, and all products
are delivered from production sites to consumers directly through the distribution
center. Every New Year, Hansalim members gather together for a meeting, where
they decide how big an amount of crops will be cultivated where, by whom, and
with how much of the price. In the market, the instability of the price of agriculture
products is frequent according to the situation of the climate or supply and demand.
But Hansalim distributes the products at the stable price promised at the meeting
(Hansalim 2011).
7 See https://twitter.com/hansalim1986.
8 See http://shop.hansalim.or.kr and https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.
anchor.hansalim.
9 See http://hansalimnews.tistory.com/55.
10 Food mileage (or food miles) is a term that refers to the distance that food is transported
from the time of its production through distribution until it arrives on the consumers’
dining table. According to the National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea’s
average food mileage per person is 7,085 tkm, almost 10 times higher than France
(cited in Cho 2013).
11 “Hypermarket” refers to big-sized super markets that are mostly jaebeol-owned super
market chains, for example, E Mart, Lotte Mart, and Home Plus. “Super super market”
refers to those corporate-owned supermarkets that are bigger than privately owned
local marts or convenient stores and smaller than hypermarkets, which includes GS
Supermarket, Lotte Mart, Kims Club Mart, Home Plus Express, and E Mart Everyday.
12 See http://www.hansalim.or.kr/?p=12598.