b2815 Tissue Engineering and Nanotheranostics “9.61x6.69”12 Tissue Engineering and NanotheranosticsIt was found that all of the treatments were able to restore functional-
ity to the muscle wound model, but it should be noted that the
excised volume was very small compared to other similar studies.44,45,50
Interestingly, it was found that the injectables that were loaded with
MSC-conditioned media alone resulted in less irritation than those
that contained MSCs.^44 It should be noted that this treatment model
involved xenografting from human stem cells into a mouse model,
which may be a cause for this finding.
4.2. In Vitro Approaches
Muscle tissue formed more traditionally in vitro has had success in mouse
models, as demonstrated in 2014.^52 Mouse ecto-mesenchymal stem cells
(EMSCs) were induced along the myogenic lineage with dimethyl sul-
foxide (DMSO)-containing culture media.^52 A thin structure composed
Fig. 2. Depiction of current approaches to engineering skeletal muscle. (a) Implant
scaffold for host cell recruitment.^50 (b) Implant scaffold then inject stem cells.^45
(c) Cell-loaded injectable scaffold.^44 (d) Cells added to scaffold and differentiated
in vitro.49,52b2815_Ch-01.indd 12 11-10-2017 06:32:17 PM