128 Chapter 5
127.The life of OswaldGarrisonVillardis veryinterestingin lightof whatit revealsaboutThe Nation
magazine,which,today,is famousfor its advocacyof radicalanti-capitalism.Surprisingly,it oftenadvo-
catedpro-capitalistviewsin its earlydays,havingbeenfoundedin 1865by EdwinLawrenceGodkin
(1831–1902).Later,its ownershipfell intothe handsof “robberbaron” HenryVillard(1835–1900),who
ran the NorthernPacificRailroadand mergedThomasEdison’s (1847–1931)electriccompanywithThom-
son-Houstonto createGeneralElectric,of whichhe servedas presidentuntil1893.The Nationwaspassed
on to Henry’s governistson OswaldGarrisonVillard,whogaveit the radicalleftwingbiaswithwhichit
is associatedtoday.See D. L. Lewis1994,paperback,197, 295.
128.ThatDu BoishelpedO. G. Villardstartthe NAACPis confirmedin D. L. Lewis1994,paperback,
387.ThatO. G. Villardwasthe leaderof the NAACPis furtherconfirmedin N. I. Painter1987,279.
Accordingto P. Sullivan2009,6-7, the NAACPstartedwithOswaldGarrisonVillardpublishingan article
on February12, 1909,titled“The Call,” invitingfellowcivilrightsleadersto holda conferenceto be held
fromMay31 to June1, 1909,in NewYork.P. Sullivan2009,15, statesthatit wasa latersuchconference,
fromMay12-14,1910,wherethe attendeesformedthe NAACP.
129.Du Boisqtd. by J. R. Stephens1997,259.
130.DavidLeveringLewis’s editorialnotesin Du Bois1995,439.
131.Du Bois,“The Soulof WhiteFolk” in Du Bois1995,456–57, excerptedfromDu Bois1920.
132.Du Bois1935,republishedin Du Bois1995,569.
133.Du Bois“Segregation,”The Crisis, January1934,republishedin Du Bois1995,557.
134.Du Bois,“Whitesin AfricaAfterNegroAutonomy,” 1962,republishedin Du Bois1995,686-87.This
essayoriginallyappearedin Robacked. 1962,243–255.
135.Du Boisqtd. by A. Herman1997,206.
136.Du Bois1923,539–548, republishedin Du Bois1995,333–339.
137.Du Bois,“A Programof Reason,RightandJusticefor Today,”NationalGuardian, May23, 1960,
republishedin Du Bois1995,426.
138.Du Bois,“Applicationfor Membershipin the CommunistPartyof the UnitedStatesof America,”
Worker, November26, 1961,republishedin Du Bois1995,632.
139.Du Bois,“Marxismandthe NegroProblem,”The Crisis, May1933,republishedin Du Bois1995,
538.
140.Du Bois,“TheVastMiracleof ChinaToday,”NationalGuardian, June8, 1959,republishedin Du
Bois1995,627.
141.A. Herman1997,194.
142.Du Bois“On Stalin,”NationalGuardian, March16, 1953,republishedin Du Bois1995,796-97.
143.Stalin’s persecutionof the Jewsis mentionedin J. Goldberg2007,75.
144.J. Goldberg2007,258.
145.J. Goldberg2007,citingquotationsof Du BoisfromD. English2000,297, 293.
146.The favorablewordsaboutFDRare in S. Jacoby2008,xiii, 3–5, 88, 93, 106, 181, 255, 281, 310; and the
praisefor Du Boisis inibid., 147-48.
147.Qtd.by Spiro2009,159.
148.Black2003,23, 209, also confirmsE. A. Rossto be a supporterof government-imposedeugenics.
149.Hofstadter1959,160, 163–64.
150.Ekirch1974,23-24;Hofstadter1959,70, 82, 156, 160, 163-64;and Ravitch2000,80.
151.Hofstadter1969,156, 160.
152.Mowry1958,20-21.
153.Ekirch1974,23-24.
154.Qtd.by Ravitch2000,80.
155.Ravitch2000,140.
156.E. A. Ross1906.T. C. Leonard2009,47, accessedonlineMonday,November7, 2011,broughtthis to
my attention.
157.Black2003,23. Ross’s hatredfor immigrantsis also mentionedin Degler1991,48.
158.Qtd.in M. Furner1975,235–36. T. C. Leonard2003,697,accessedonlineTuesday,February14,
2012,broughtthis to my attention.
159.Kühl 1994,16. Accordingto Kühl 1994,114–15 n. 9, the firsttimethatEdwardA. Rosssaidrace
suicidewasin E. A. Ross,“The Causesof RaceSuperiority,”Annalsof the AmericanAcademyof Politicaland
SocialScience18 (year 1901 A.D.):85–88.
160.J. Goldberg2007,261.
161.Hofstadter1969,160.
162.T. C. Leonard2009,47, accessedonlineMonday,November7, 2011.
163.Ekirch1974,23.
164.R. L. Moore1974,44.
165.C. H. Cooley1909,296. T. C. Leonard2009,47, accessedonlineMonday,November7, 2011,brought
thesestatementsof Cooley’s to my attention.
166.Cooley1920,144. R. L. Carneiro1981,164, broughtthis statementof Cooley’s to my attention.