214 Chapter 9
the Jewishcommunityeighteenmonthslater.Yet thatdid not stopotheranimal-rights
groupsfromattemptingthe sameHolocaustcomparisonsagainby August2005.^93
WhilePETAclaimsto supportthe humanetreatmentof animals,it sometimespro-
moteswhatbehavioralpsychologistEdwinA. LockeIII, retiredfromthe Universityof
Maryland,accuratelycharacterizesas “the animalistictreatmentof humanbeings.”^94 In
1992 therewasa mansufferingfromliverfailurewroughtfromhis hepatitisB. A trans-
plantof a humanliverwasnot enoughto savehim.His doctor,ThomasE. Starzl,judged
that sincethe hepatitisvirusdoesnot damagebaboonlivers,it madesenseto providethis
manwitha baboonliver.^95 PETAand otheranimalrightsgroupsrespondedby picketing
outsidethe hospital.Whenthe liverpatientdied,a spokesmanfromthe Fundfor Animals
stated,“Animalrightsgroupsshouldfeel vindicated,thoughwe don’t applaudthe death
of any person.”^96 Apparentlythe spokesmanmeantthatthis demonstratedthathe was
correctthat the livertransplantwouldnot savethe patientanyway.The gloating,though,
is stilldubious.Andit has not stopped.TV hostBill Maher,whosits on the boardof
PETA,has goneas far as proclaimingthatthe savingof humanlivesis not sufficientto
justifymedicalresearchon animals.^97 Mahercan disapproveas muchas he chooses,but
Hal Herzogprovidesan impressivelist of medicaltreatmentsthatresultedfromanimal
research.In the absenceof suchscientificexperimentation,he writes,“we wouldnot have
immunizationsfor polio,mumps,measles,rubella,or hepatitis.Norwouldtherebe anti-
biotics, anesthetics,blood transfusions,radiation therapy,open-heart surgery,organ
transplants,insulin,cataractsurgery,and medicationsfor epilepsy,ulcers,schizophrenia,
depression,bipolardisorder,or hypertension.”^98 FrederickBantingreliedon researchon
animalsin testingthe safetyof administeringinsulin.So did JonasSalkin examiningthe
effectsof his poliovaccine.Penicillin,too,savedmillionsof lives.ErnstChaindemon-
stratedthe efficacyof penicillinin his studieson mice.AlexisCarrelappliedorgansur-
geryto animalspriorto applyinghis techniqueto humanpatients.^99 Herzoggoeson that
yourpetsalsowouldfacehardshipin the absenceof suchresearch.“We wouldnot have
immunizationsagainstrabies,distemper,parvo,or felineleukemia,nor treatmentsfor
heartworm,brucellosis,cancer,or caninearthritis.”^100
In keepingwiththeirtenetthat,for the ostensivewelfareof non-sapientspecies,we
renounceour owneudaemonia,the NazisdemandedthatWesterncivilizationsubordi-
nateits ownintereststo environmentalism.ProctorwritesaboutWalterSchoenichen’s
1942 treatiseaboutthe conservationof the wilderness,whichis calledrestituiernderNa-
turschutz, and of indigenouscultures.It emphaticallyrejectsthe “liberalisticworldview,”
whichis thatindigenouspeoplescan abandontheirold illiberalcollectivismandbe
assimilatedintoa laissez-faireliberalrepublicanbodyof law.Proctorrhapsodizesabout
Schoenichen’s paeanto the bucoliclifestyle,as if it is humaneto expectan impoverished
peopleneverindustrialize.^101 ThomasDeGregoriexposessometruthsaboutthisthat
Proctoromits.Preservationof indigenousculture,whereinthe cultureis exemptfrom
liberalization,resultsin povertybeing“maintained,accordingto whatothersdefineas
‘traditional’—all for the benefit” of paternalistswhocaremoreaboutpreservingthese
customsfor posteritythanaboutthe well-beingof thosewhoare expectedto practicesuch
customs.^102
Onemaynoticeparallelsbetweenthis outlookandthe modernphilosophicalmove-
mentknownasdeepecology, whichpromotesa radicalde-industrializationin favorof a
returnto hunter-gatherersubsistence.NorwegianphilosophersArneNaess(1912–2009)
and JohanGaltung(b. 1930)coinedthis particularterm,^103 but the ideasbehindit are not
originalto them.It is no accidentthat EarthFirstpublicistChristopherManesadmitsthat
the deepecologyphilosophy’s rootscan be tracedbackto Naziphilosopherandpropa-
gandistMartinHeidegger.^104