The Conflationof LaissezFairewithRegulation-ImposedEugenics 33Inventive-Periodindustrialistshelpedfinancethe geneticresearchof oneof Galton’s
protégés and correspondents^60 : biologistcum eugenicspromoterCharles Davenport
(1866–1944).It turnsout thatDavenport’s researchandpropagandareceivedfunding
fromAlexanderGrahamBell;JohnD. Rockefeller,Jr.; and MaryWilliamsonAverellHar-
riman(1851–1932),the widowto the railroadtycoonandcorporate-turnaroundexpert
EdwardHenryHarriman(1848–1909).^61 It will be rememberedfromBookTwothat these
Inventive-Periodindustrialistshavebeenwidelyderogatedas robberbarons.Whatis less
well-knownis that thesesamepartiesalso donatedto the pro-eugenicsresearchof Daven-
port’s colleague,NewYorkZoologicalSocietyfounderMadisonGrant(1865–1937).^62
Eerily, Grant received fan letters from Adolf Hitler himself.^63 George Eastman
(1854–1932),the inventorof photographicfilmandthe founderof KodakCorporation,
donatedto the AmericanEugenicsSociety.^64 Thesamegoesfor JohnHarveyKellogg
(1852–1943),a doctorandsanitariumowner.^65 Worseyet, Kelloggattendedthe society
conferences.^66 Thismanwasthe elderbrotherto WillK. Kellogg(1860–1951),whowould
becomea multimillionaireas the founderof Kellogg’s Cereal.AndasNationalReview
contributorRobertZubrinis quickto pointout, the pioneeringAmericaneugenicistHen-
ry FairfieldOsborn,Sr., directorof the AmericanMuseumof NaturalHistoryandem-
ployerof MadisonGrant,^67 wasa nephewof the bankerJohnPierpontMorgan,Jr. Mor-
gan,Jr., personallyattended the SecondInternationalCongressof Eugenicsin 1921,
whichwasalsopeopledby CharlesDavenport,MaryRumseynée Harriman,and Madi-
son Grant.^68 Toppingtheseotherfiguresmightbe HenryFord,Sr., beingpraisedby name
inMeinKampf.^69 Priorto U.S.entryintothe secondWorldWar,Fordhunga photograph
of Hitleron the wallof his office.^70 Anti-capitalistprofessorMichaelParentimentions
Ford’s anti-SemitismandNazisympathiesas if theseare traitsinherentto businesspeo-
ple.^71 There,Parentiignoresthe fact thata significantpercentageof successfulbusiness-
peopleare Jewish.He alsoignoresthatEuropeanshavelongmentallyassociatedJews
withbusinessandfinanceat leastas earlyas the MiddleAges.Hitlerexploitedthat
mentalassociationin his demagogueryagainstJews.Thatmentalassociationis some-
thingwe will addressin chapters7 through9.
Especiallydamning,it seems,is thatthe seedmoneywithwhichDavenportestab-
lishedhis ColdSpringsHarborLaboratoryfor his geneticsresearchin 1904camefromthe
bankaccountof steelmagnateAndrewCarnegie.^72 AndCarnegiewoulddonatean addi-
tional$10 millionto Davenportin 1911.^73 Hofstadteris eagerto disclosethatCarnegie
wasa fan andpersonalfriendof HerbertSpencer’s. Hofstadterelaboratesthat,when
waitingat an Americandockfor the largepassengerlinerthatwouldsail himbackto
England,Spencerpointedto CarnegieandPopularSciencemagazinefounderEdwardL.
Youmans (1821–1887) and announced to nearby reporters, “Hereare my two best
Americanfriends.”^74 Carnegiehimselfwrotein his 1889treatise,The Gospelof Wealth, that
althoughcommercialcompetition“maysometimesbe hardfor the individual,it is best
for the race,becauseit insuresthe survivalof the fittestin everydepartment.”^75
Furthermore,Carnegieplayeda largerolein throwinga majorpartyin Spencer’s
honor.Spencervisitedthe UnitedStatesin November 1882 where,at the fancyNewYork
restaurantDelmonico’s, variouspillarsof the businesscommunityandthe intelligentsia
attendedto pay tributeto Spencer.Amongtheseluminarieswasthe trailblazingpaleon-
tologistOthnielCharlesMarsh(1831–1899).Carnegiemadean appearance,as did the
greatbankerAugustBelmont,Sr. (1813–1890).^76 AmericanThoughtthengoeson to quote
an excerpt of Carnegie’s autobiography, in which Spencer’s name pops up.^77 But
AmericanThoughtuncharacteristicallydeclinesto quotethe sectionsof the industrialist’s
memoirthatmostjuicilyimplicateSpenceras beingthe sourceof Carnegie’s socialDar-
winianeugenicism.For instance,Hofstadterquotesbut a fractionof this passagewherein
Carnegiereminiscesabouthis firstencounterswithSpencer’s writings— “WhenI... was