The Conflationof LaissezFairewithRegulation-ImposedEugenics 49107.J. Greenberg1990,85.
108.R. Lacey1986,223.
109.Qtd.by R. Lacey1986,223.
110.R. J. Herrnsteinand C. Murray1996,tradepaperback,advancestheseclaims.
111.See S. Kühl 1994.
112.Spiro2009,347.Spiro2009,265,pointsout thatWickliffeDrapermodeledhis explicitpolitical
philosophyafterNewYorkZoologicalSocietyfounderand eugenicistMadisonGrant’s. All of Spiro 2009
is aboutMadisonGrantbeinga conservationistand big-gamehunterà la his colleagueTheodoreRoose-
velt.
113.Bannister1988,171.
114.Lombardo2008,56, quotingAlexanderGrahamBell,“Howto Improvethe Race,”Journalof Hered-
ityvol. 5, January1914,6.
115.Bannister1988,171,quotingAlexanderGrahamBell,“Uponthe Formationof a DeafVarietyof the
HumanRace,” NationalAcademyof Sciences,Memoir, year1883,pp. 179–180.
116.Lombardo2008,56.
117.C. W. Ackerman1930,467.
118.Chernow1998,216, 240–42.
119.W. T. Anderson1996,105.
120.Spiro2009,128.
121.SamuelP. Hays,Conservationand the Gospelof Efficiency, qtd. by Ekirch1974,145.
122.Spencer1981d,254–55, letter10, para.2-3, accessedonlineWednesday,January11, 2012.
123.Kevles1985,20–21.
124.Lombardo2008,50.
125.Thephrase“in the landof HoratioAlger” is quotingDianePaul.I learnedaboutthis fromSpiro
2009,161.
126.Bannister1988,178.
127.Sumner’s statementof supportfor openimmigrationcan be seenin Sumner,“Libertyand Respon-
sibility,Part3 of 9: Libertyand Discipline,” January16, 1890,republishedas Sumner1969-I,321.
128.P. Maieret al. 2003,621, 659, 662.
129.T. Parsons1932,325, qtd. by G. Hodgson2004.
130.Hofstadter1959,vii, 74, 4, 176.
131.Hrdy1981,13.
132.D. F. Bowers1945,104.
133.T. C. Leonard2009,44, accessedonlineMonday,November7, 2011.
134.D. S. Wilson2007,11.
135.Hrdy1981,13.
136.Spencer 1906 vol. 2 of 3, 610.
137.An exampleof someonemakingthe equivocationthatnineteenth-centuryfree-marketeconomists
werejust like totalitarianeugenicistson accountof theirpromoting“socialinequality” is thatof David
Kolodney,introductionto NoamChomsky’s “IQ Tests:BuildingBlocksto the NewClassSystem,” repub-
lishedin Kariered. 1975,393–395.
138.Thequotationof Galtonis fromF. Galton1873,209.Galtondid not use the exactphrasenature
versusnurture, thoughhe did set upnature(meaningone’s inbornbiologicaltraits)andnurture(traits
conditionedintosomeone)as beingcontrastingexplanationsfor whatcausesa personto behavein the
mannerhe does.In hisInquiriesInto HumanFacultyand Development, Galtonsaid,“Natureis far stronger
thanNurturewithinthe limitedrangethat I havebeencarefulto assignin the latter.” For that,see Galton
1883,235.
139.J. M. Hobson2004,236.
140.Tudge1995,42.
141.W. Petersen1979,224.
142.Spencer1851,“Introduction—TheDoctrineof the MoralSense,” Lemma2, sec. 5, para.2-3, ac-
cessedonlineWednesday,November2, 2011.
143.Spencer1851,pt. 2, ch. 9, sec. 9, para.2, accessedonlineTuesday,July17, 2007.
144.Spencer1851,pt. 2, ch. 16, sec. 2, para.5, accessedonlineWednesday,November2, 2011.
145.Spencer1851,“Introduction—TheDoctrineof the MoralSense,” Lemma2, Sec.5, Para.2-3, ac-
cessedonlineWednesday,November2, 2011.
146.Spencer1981g,73, Para.3, accessedonlineFriday,April27, 2007.
147.R. L. Carneiro1981,178-79.
148.HerbertSpencerto Rev.J. LlewelynDavies,letter,July24, 1890,para.3, reproducedin Spencer,The
Principlesof Ethicsvol. 2, Appendix,accessedonlineTuesday,January22, 2013,in Spencer 1989 vol. 2, 446.
149.Qtd.in Fiske1940,93. Alsoqtd. by G. P. Winston1972,3. Re-quotedin Bannister1988,62.
150.B. Werth2009,43, xvi.
151.CarlSchurz,qtd. by L. Schwarzschild1947,188.