176
Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) , 107
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) , 59 , 83 ,
84 , 91 , 94 , 96
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
astrocytosis, microcytosis, and IL-1β
levels , 130
axonal growth and sprouting , 134
blood-brain barrier , 135
cerebral ischemia , 130
infl ammatory cytokines IL-10 and
ZTNF-α , 129
lipid peroxidation , 130
mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons , 135
NT-3 , 135
spinal cord injury , 130
C
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) , 105–107
Cardiovascular disease. See Heart failure
Cartilage , 58–61 , 63–73
healing
embryonic development and adult
fracture , 5 9 , 6 0
in non-human mammals , 64 , 65
regeneration
during limb and/tails , 60 , 61 , 63 , 64
human stem cells for , 71
in non-human mammals , 64 , 65
vertebrate vs. healing abilities , 61
repair
cell-based therapies , 68–72
intrinsic articular , 66 , 67
structure and function , 58–59
Cartilage injury , 67
Cartilage network , 58
Cartilage rods (CR) , 63
Cartilage tubes (CT) , 63
Cathepsin K (CathK) , 95
Cathepsin K positive pre-osteoclasts , 96
Cell-based therapies , 68–72
autologous chondrocyte , 68 , 69
future studies , 71 , 72
stem cell-based , 70
Central nervous system (CNS) , 123 , 126–132
cell therapies , 144
cell transplantation , 144
cell types , 144
cytokines and neurotrophic/signaling
factors , 133
cytokines, growth factors and astrocytes , 122
drug delivery
chemokine receptors , 130
Imatinib , 131
leukocyte infi ltration , 130
Lipitor , 130 , 131
minocycline , 132
Rolipram , 131
Thalidomide , 131
vMIPII infusion , 130
glial scar (see Glial scar )
infl ammatory and immune response
BDNF , 129–130
cytokines, growth factors and
neurotrophic factors , 126
FGF-2 , 129
IL-1β , 127 , 128
TNFα , 126 , 127
VEGF , 128–129
neurodegenerative diseases , 121
neuroinfl ammation cascade , 122
neuroprotection (see Neuroprotection )
soft tissue swelling , 122
Stroke and TBI patients , 121
traumatic injury , 122
chABC. See Chondroitinase ABC (chABC)
Chemotactic signals , 96
Chondrocytes , 58–60 , 66 , 68–70 , 72 , 85
apoptosis , 60
chondroprogenitor , 72
clinical application , 70
columnar , 86
hypertrophic , 59 , 84 , 85
implantation , 69
life span , 70
morphology , 59 , 66
proliferating , 84 , 85
proteoglycans , 66
proximal CT , 63
Chondrogenesis , 59 , 60 , 82 , 87
Chondroitin sulfate , 58
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) ,
123 , 124 , 131
Chondroitinase ABC (chABC)
controlled release , 124
direct delivery , 123
Chondroprogenitors , 70
Co-immunostaining , 90
Collagen , 58 , 59 , 72
Collagen fi brils , 66
Collagen type I (Col1) , 58
Collagen type II (Col2) , 58 , 59 , 66
Collagen type X , 66
Columnar chondrocytes , 86
Cornea , 94
CPCs. See Cardiac progenitor cells
(CPCs)
Cryptic peptides , 96Index