179gene expression , 29
green anole lizard , 28 , 29
high throughput sequencing , 28
microRNAs , 29
reptiles , 28
vertebrate models , 29
limb bud development , 25
macrophages , 25
muscle regeneration , 26
PAX7-positive satellite cells , 26
regulatory factors , 28
remodeling and clean-up , 25
reptiles , 23
satellite cells , 28
scar-free wound healing , 25
stages , 24–25
tail, green anole , 23 , 24
transcriptome analysis, genes , 26 , 28
Twist1 and Twist3 , 2 8M
Mammalian regeneration , 83 , 91
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) , 59
Matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte
implantation (MACI) , 69–71
Matrix-to-cell ratio , 59
Mesenchymal cells , 82 , 85
Mesenchymal cells aggregate , 59
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) , 70 , 72 , 138 ,
144 , 148
Methylprednisolone (MPS) , 142
Microarray analysis of BMP9 , 92
Micro-computed tomography (μCT) , 82
MicroCT analyses , 96
Microenvironment
avascular , 94
hypoxic , 94 , 96
oxygen , 95
turbulent , 94
Microfracture marrow-stimulation
techniques , 69
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ,
38 , 44
Mitogenic signals , 96
Monocytes , 94
Morphogenesis , 88
Mouse , 80 , 83 , 91 , 92
MPS. See Methylprednisolone (MPS)
MSCs. See Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Msx1 gene , 83–85
Murphy Roths Large (MRL) , 65 , 67
N
Nail elongation , 91
Nail matrix effect , 91
Nail organ , 91
Nanoparticles (NPs)
emulsifi cation, electrospraying and
microfl uidics , 141
gene transfer , 142
methylprednisolone , 142
microspheres , 142 , 143
MPS , 142
neurotrophic factors , 142
PEG-minocylcline liposomes , 142
PLGA and PLA , 141
PLGA microspheres , 143
Neonatal blastema , 83
Neonatal digits , 82
Neonate middle phalanx , 84
Neural infl ammation , 122
Neural progenitor/stem cells (NPSCs)
adult spinal cord , 145
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and
neurons , 145
autologous skin fi broblasts , 146
BDNF , 135
clinical applications , 146
differentiation potential , 146
ESCs , 145
excitotoxicity and neurotrophic factors , 145
fi brin scaffolds , 151
glutamate induced neurotoxicity , 145
hippocampus , 145
hypoxic-ischemia , 151
immunosuppression , 146
in vitro and in vivo , 139
motor and cognitive recovery , 145
motor recovery , 134
MSCs , 144
neuronal differentiation , 138 , 140
oligodendrocytes , 145
phase I/II trials , 146
PLGA microspheres , 143
Schwann cells , 152
stiffness , 138
stroke , 151
survival and neuronal differentiation , 151
transplantation, striatum , 145
Neurogenesis , 127 , 131 , 149 , 150
Neuroprotection
BDNF and NT-3 , 134–135
FGF-2 , 135–136
VEGF , 132–134Index