180
Neuroregeneration , 137–141
cellular transplantation , 143
hydrogels
3D and 2D cultures , 137 , 138
cell behaviors , 137
cellular and axonal infi ltration , 137
malignant astrocytes , 137
natural , 137
physiochemical and structural
characteristics , 137
SAPs , 138 , 139
substrate charge, stiffness and
dimensionality , 138
multifactorial approach , 150
nanofi bers
defi nition , 139
degradation , 141
drugs and polymers , 140 , 141
electrospinning , 139 , 140
processing techniques , 139
topography and porosity , 139
NPs (see Nanoparticles (NPs) )
polymeric MPs and synthesis
techniques , 143
requirements, biomaterials , 136
Neurotrophic effect , 91
Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) , 134 , 135
Newt , 5 , 8 , 9 , 11
Next generation sequencing, salamanders
axolotls , 9
genome size , 9
high through-put transcriptome analysis , 9
proteomics , 9
transcriptome and proteomic analysis , 9
wound healing , 9
Non-human mammals , 64 , 65
Non-mammalian organisms , 60
Non-regenerating amputations , 86
NPSCs. See Neural progenitor/stem cells
(NPSCs)
NT-3. See Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)
O
Ocn expression , 93
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) , 144 , 149
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) , 147
Osteoarthritis (OA) , 59 , 68
Osteoblasts , 60 , 87 , 94 , 95
Osteoclast mediated bone erosion , 86
Osteoclast mediated bone degradation , 82
Osteoclastogenesis , 95
Osteoclasts , 81 , 94–97
Osteogenesis , 92
Osteopetrosis , 94
Osteoporosis , 94
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) , 95
Oxygen microenvironment , 95
Oxygen pseudoshading , 95
Oxygen sensing mechanism , 95
Oxygen tensions , 94P
Partial cartilage defects , 67
Periosteal-derived cartilaginous callus , 86
Pigment epithelial derived factor (Pedf) , 92 , 93
Pimonidazole , 94
PLGA. See Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) , 141–143
Pre-osteoblasts , 59 , 60
Presomitic mesoderm , 61
Proechimys , 64 , 65
Progenitor motor neurons (pMNs) , 151 , 152
Proliferating chondrocytes , 84 , 85
Protease , 59
Proteoglycans (PGs) , 58 , 66
Proximal amputations , 83Q
Quiescent satellite cells (QSCs) , 38 , 39R
RANK Ligand (RANKL) , 95
Rapid wound closure , 96
Re-amputation , 82
Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kβ
(RANK) , 94
Regeneration , 2 , 23 , 37 , 58–61 , 63–73 , 80 ,
112 , 121
adult mammalian heart (see Heart
regeneration )
amphibians and teleosts , 1
cartilage
during limb and/tails , 60 , 61 , 63 , 64
human stem cells for , 71
in non-human mammals , 64 , 65
vertebrate vs. healing abilities , 61
CNS (see Central nervous system (CNS) )
description , 1
epimorphic , 79
fetal , 83
human fi ngertip , 80
in vertebrates , 79
in vitro and in vivo models , 1
lineage-restriction , 88Index