181lizards (see Lizard regeneration )
mammalian , 83 , 91
of mouse , 80
regenerative failure and induced , 83–86 , 88
salamanders (see Salamanders )
scarless healing , 2
skeletal muscle (see Skeletal muscle
regeneration )
urodele amphibians , 1
zebrafi sh fi n , 89
Regeneration-competent models , 88
Regenerative ability , 79
Regenerative medicine , 68
Robust chondrogenesis , 87
S
Salamanders , 2–8 , 60 , 62–64 , 67 , 91 , 92 , 96
cellular mechanisms
axolotls , 8
cardiomyocytes , 8
cellular outgrowth , 7
ectopic limbs , 8
lens and heart , 8
lentectomy , 8
molecular signals , 8
spinal cord , 7
stem-progenitor cells , 7
telencephalon and dopaminergic
neurons , 8
development, genetic tools , 12
documentation , 2
genome editing , 10 , 11
infl uence, regeneration research , 11
tissue repair, limb regeneration
allografts and xenografts , 4
blastema cells , 3 , 4
cellular contributions , 6
grafting experiments , 4
intercalary regeneration , 4
molecular mechanisms , 5–6
nerves and wound epithelium , 3 , 4
positional identity , 4
regenerative potential , 2 , 3
three dimensional axis , 4
SAPs. See Self-assembling peptides (SAPs)
Satellite cells , 41 , 42
defi nition , 38
G alert phase , 38 , 39
hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) , 38
muscle fi bers , 38
and myoblasts , 39–40
myofi ber sarcolemma and basal lamina , 38
notch signaling pathway , 38
phosphorylated p38 and MyoD , 38
population , 41
QSCs , 38 , 39
stem-cell niche
ECM digestion , 41
ECM proteins , 42
elasticity , 42
FAPs , 41
microvasculature and pericytes ,
41 , 42
oxygen free radicals , 41
proteoglycans and glycoproteins , 42
Young’s modulus , 42
transcription factors Pax7 and Myf5 , 3 8
Sca1 (stem cell marker) , 92
Schwann cells , 144 , 147–148
Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) , 138 , 139
Skeletal muscle regeneration , 38–41 , 46–50
chronic infl ammation , 37
cytokines , 45
fi brosis, fat deposition and muscle
necrosis , 37
glucocorticoids and IFNβ , 45
immune cells , 42
Ly6C + and CD206 + macrophages , 45
macrophages , 45
M1 macrophages , 43 , 44
M2 macrophages , 44
M2a macrophages , 45
monocytes/macrophages , 43
myeloid and fi broblastic cells , 37
myofi ber damage , 43
neutrophils , 43 , 44
NF-kB pathway , 43
phagocytosis, M1 macrophages , 43
pro-infl ammatory cytokines , 43
regulatory T cells (T reg ) , 45
satellite cells, myogenic lineage (see
Satellite cells )
signaling molecules , 43
“smart scaffolds” , 46
Th1 infl ammatory cytokines , 43
tissue scaffolds , 46
wound repair , 45
Skeletal ossifi cation , 59
Soaked micro-carrier beads , 84
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) , 59
South American spiny rats ( Proechimys ) , 64 , 65
Sox9 , 59 , 72
Stem cell-based therapies , 70
Stromal Cell Derived Factor1 (SDF1) , 89 , 90
Stump tissues , 61
Subchondral bone formation , 68
Super healer , 65 , 67Index